WebCPC CPC COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION

C04B　LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g.　MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE {(roofing granules E04D 7/005)}; CERAMICS (devitrified glass-ceramics C03C 10/00); REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE

　　NOTE - In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
　　- "fillers" includes pigments, aggregates and fibrous reinforcing materials;
　　- "active ingredients" includes processing aids or property improvers, e.g. grinding aids used after the burning process or used in the absence of a burning process;
　　- "mortars", "concrete" and "artificial stone" are to be considered as a single group of materials, and therefore, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, they include mortar, concrete and other cementitious compositions.

　　In groups C04B 7/00 to C04B 32/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.
　　A composition classified in groups C04B 26/00 or C04B 28/00 is also classified in groups C04B 14/00 to C04B 24/00 if a filler or active ingredient is of interest.

　　In groups C04B 2/00 to C04B 32/00 and C04B 38/00 to C04B 41/00 it is desirable to classify the individual constituents of the mixtures, or other aspects relating to the mixtures or constituents, using Combination Sets with symbols chosen from groups C04B 2/00 to C04B 41/00.

　　In groups C04B 2/00 to C04B 32/00 and C04B 38/00 to C04B 41/00 it is desirable to classify the function of the individual constituents of the mixtures, or other aspects relating to the properties or uses of the mixtures or products obtained, using Combination Sets with symbols chosen from groups C04B 2103/00 to C04B 2111/00.

　　Groups C04B 20/123 and C04B 20/126 are used for indexing purposes only of documents classified in C04B 20/12

　　WARNING - The following IPC groups are not used in the CPC system. Subject matter covered by these groups is classified in the following CPC groups:
　　　C04B 5/02 covered by B01J 2/00, C21B 3/06 C04B 33/132 to C04B 33/138 covered by C04B 33/13
　　　C04B 35/035 covered by C04B 35/26+s.gr. C04B 35/567, C04B 35/569, C04B 35/576, C04B 35/577 covered by C04B 35/565, C04B 35/571 to C04B 35/5755, C04B 35/806
　　　C04B 35/582 covered by C04B 35/581, C04B 35/806 C04B 35/5833, C04B 35/5835 covered by C04B 35/583, C04B 35/806 C04B 35/586, C04B 35/587, C04B 35/594, C04B 35/596 covered by C04B 35/584, C04B 35/589 to C04B 35/5935, C04B 35/806
　　　C04B 35/599 covered by C04B 35/597
　　　C04B 35/81 covered by C04B 35/78
　　　C04B 35/84 covered by C04B 35/628, C04B 35/78

　　Lime; Magnesia; Slag

C04B 2/00 Lime, magnesia or dolomite (hydraulic lime cements C04B 7/34)

C04B 2/005 ・{obtained from an industrial by-product}

C04B 2/02 ・Lime {(obtaining Ca(OH)2 otherwise than by simple slaking of quick lime C01F 11/02)}

C04B 2/04 ・・Slaking {(simultaneous dehydrating of gypsum and slaking of lime C04B 11/022)}

C04B 2/045 ・・・{After-treatment of slaked lime}

C04B 2/06 ・・・with addition of substances, e.g. hydrophobic agents; {Slaking in the presence of other compounds}

C04B 2/063 ・・・・{Slaking of impure quick lime, e.g. contained in fly ash}

C04B 2/066 ・・・・{Making use of the hydration reaction, e.g. the reaction heat for dehydrating gypsum; Chemical drying by using unslaked lime}

C04B 2/08 ・・・Devices therefor

C04B 2/10 ・Preheating, burning calcining or cooling (decarbonation during burning of cement raw materials C04B 7/43; {obtaining CaO or MgO otherwise than by thermal decomposition of the corresponding carbonates C01F 11/02, C01F 5/02})

C04B 2/102 ・・{of magnesia, e.g. dead burning}

C04B 2/104 ・・{Ingredients added before or during the burning process}

C04B 2/106 ・・{in fluidised bed furnaces}

C04B 2/108 ・・{Treatment or selection of the fuel therefor}

C04B 2/12 ・・in shaft or vertical furnaces (shaft or vertical furnaces in general F27B 1/00)

C04B 5/00 Treatment of {metallurgical} slag (manufacture of slag wool C03B; in, or for, the production of metals C21B, C22B); Artificial stone from molten {metallurgical} slag (mechanical aspects B28B 1/54){other cast stone C04B 32/005}

C04B 5/06 ・Ingredients, other than water, added to the molten slag {or to the granulating medium or before remelting}; Treatment with gases or gas generating compounds, e.g. to obtain porous slag

C04B 5/065 ・・{Porous slag}

C04B 7/00 Hydraulic cements (calcium sulfate cements C04B 11/00)

C04B 7/003 ・{Barium or strontium cements}

C04B 7/006 ・{Cement-clinker used in the unground state in mortar - or concrete compositions}

C04B 7/02 ・Portland cement

C04B 7/04 ・・using raw materials containing gypsum, {i.e. processes of the Mueller-Kuehne type}

C04B 7/06 ・・using alkaline raw materials (C04B 7/60 takes precedence)

C04B 7/12 ・Natural pozzuolanes; Natural pozzuolana cements; {Artificial pozzuolanes or artificial pozzuolana cements other than those obtained from waste or combustion residues, e.g. burned clay; Treating inorganic materials to improve their pozzuolanic characteristics}(cements containing slag C04B 7/14)

C04B 7/13 ・・Mixtures thereof with inorganic cementitious materials, e.g. Portland cements

C04B 7/14 ・Cements containing slag (slags from waste incineration C04B 7/28)

C04B 7/147 ・・Metallurgical slag

C04B 7/153 ・・・Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators

C04B 7/1535 ・・・・{with alkali metal containing activators, e.g. sodium hydroxide or waterglass}

C04B 7/17 ・・・・with calcium oxide containing activators {(C04B 7/1535 takes precedence)}

C04B 7/19 ・・・・・Portland cements

C04B 7/21 ・・・・with calcium sulfate containing activators {(C04B 7/1535 takes precedence)}

C04B 7/22 ・Iron ore cements; {Iron rich cements, e.g. Ferrari cements, Kuhl cements}

C04B 7/24 ・Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag

C04B 7/243 ・・{Mixtures thereof with activators or composition-correcting additives, e.g. mixtures of fly ash and alkali activators}

C04B 7/246 ・・{from waste building materials, e.g. waste asbestos-cement products, demolition waste}

C04B 7/26 ・・from raw materials containing flue dust, {i.e. fly ash (C04B 7/243 takes precedence)}

C04B 7/28 ・・from combustion residues, {e.g. ashes or slags from waste incineration}({C04B 7/243}, C04B 7/26 take precedence)

C04B 7/30 ・・from oil shale; from oil shale residues; {from lignite processing, e.g. using certain lignite fractions}

C04B 7/32 ・Aluminous cements

C04B 7/323 ・・{Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite}

C04B 7/326 ・・{Calcium aluminohalide cements, e.g. based on 11CaO.7Al2O3.CaX2, where X is Cl or F}

C04B 7/34 ・Hydraulic lime cements; Roman cements; {natural cements}

C04B 7/345 ・Hydraulic cements not provided for in one of the groups C04B 7/02 to C04B 7/34

C04B 7/3453 ・・{Belite cements, e.g. self-disintegrating cements based on dicalciumsilicate}

C04B 7/3456 ・・{Alinite cements, e.g. "Nudelman"-type cements, bromo-alinite cements, fluoro-alinite cements}

C04B 7/36 ・Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general

C04B 7/361 ・・{Condition or time responsive control in hydraulic cement manufacturing processes (controlling or regulating in general G05; F27B 7/42 takes precedence)}

C04B 7/362 ・・・{for raw materials handling, e.g. during the grinding or mixing step}

C04B 7/364 ・・{Avoiding environmental pollution during cement-manufacturing}

C04B 7/365 ・・・{by extracting part of the material from the process flow and returning it into the process after a separate treatment, e.g. in a separate retention unit under specific conditions}

C04B 7/367 ・・・{Avoiding or minimising carbon dioxide emissions}

C04B 7/368 ・・{Obtaining spherical cement particles}

C04B 7/38 ・・Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches, {e.g. mixing with fuel; (C04B 7/362 takes precedence)}

C04B 7/40 ・・・Dehydrating; Forming, e.g. granulating (apparatus for granulating B01J 2/00)

C04B 7/42 ・・・Active ingredients added before, or during, the burning process (after the burning process C04B 22/00, C04B 24/00)

C04B 7/421 ・・・・{Inorganic materials}

C04B 7/422 ・・・・・{Elements}

C04B 7/424 ・・・・・{Oxides, Hydroxides}

C04B 7/425 ・・・・・{Acids or salts thereof}

C04B 7/427 ・・・・・{Silicates}

C04B 7/428 ・・・・{Organic materials}

C04B 7/43 ・・Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling {(aspects only relating to the installation F27B)}

C04B 7/432 ・・・{Preheating without addition of fuel}

C04B 7/434 ・・・{Preheating with addition of fuel, e.g. calcining}

C04B 7/436 ・・・{Special arrangements for treating part or all of the cement kiln dust}

C04B 7/438 ・・・{Evacuating at least part of the heat treated material before the final burning or melting step, the evacuated material being used as a cement as such}

C04B 7/44 ・・・Burning; Melting

C04B 7/4407 ・・・・{Treatment or selection of the fuel therefor, e.g. use of hazardous waste as secondary fuel (fuels in general C10L); Use of particular energy sources, e.g. waste hot gases from other processes}

C04B 7/4415 ・・・・・{Waste hot gases}

C04B 7/4423 ・・・・・{Waste or refuse used as fuel}

C04B 7/443 ・・・・・・{Tyres, e.g. shredded}

C04B 7/4438 ・・・・・{the fuel being introduced directly into the rotary kiln}

C04B 7/4446 ・・・・・{the fuel being treated in a separate gasifying or decomposing chamber, e.g. a separate combustion chamber}

C04B 7/4453 ・・・・{using plasmas or radiations}

C04B 7/4461 ・・・・{Grate sintering}

C04B 7/4469 ・・・・{in shaft or vertical kilns}

C04B 7/4476 ・・・・{Selection of the kiln atmosphere}

C04B 7/4484 ・・・・{Non-electric melting}

C04B 7/4492 ・・・・{Inhibiting the formation of or eliminating incrustations in the cement kiln (removing incrustations from rotary-drum furnaces F27B 7/2075)}

C04B 7/45 ・・・・in fluidised beds, {e.g. spouted beds}

C04B 7/46 ・・・・electric

C04B 7/47 ・・・Cooling; {Waste heat management}

C04B 7/475 ・・・・{using the waste heat, e.g. of the cooled clinker, in an other way than by simple heat exchange in the cement production line, e.g. for generating steam}

C04B 7/48 ・・Clinker treatment (C04B 7/47 takes precedence)

C04B 7/51 ・・・Hydrating

C04B 7/52 ・・・Grinding; {After-treatment of ground cement}

C04B 7/522 ・・・・{After-treatment of ground cement (C04B 7/368 takes precedence)}

C04B 7/525 ・・・・・{Briquetting}

C04B 7/527 ・・・・{obtaining cements characterised by fineness, e.g. by multi-modal particle size distribution}

C04B 7/60 ・・Methods for eliminating alkali metals or compounds thereof, {e.g. from the raw materials or during the burning process; methods for eliminating other harmful components (avoiding environmental pollution C04B 7/364)}

C04B 9/00 Magnesium cements or similar cements

C04B 9/02 ・Magnesium cements containing chlorides, e.g. Sorel cement

C04B 9/04 ・Magnesium cements containing sulfates, nitrates, phosphates or fluorides

C04B 9/06 ・Cements containing metal compounds other than magnesium compounds, e.g. compounds of zinc or lead

C04B 9/11 ・Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials

C04B 9/12 ・・with hydraulic cements, e.g. Portland cement

C04B 9/20 ・Manufacture, e.g. preparing the batches (preheating, burning, calcining or cooling lime stone, magnesite or dolomite C04B 2/10)

C04B 11/00 Calcium sulfate cements

C04B 11/002 ・{Mixtures of different CaSO4-modifications, e.g. plaster of Paris and anhydrite, used as cements}

C04B 11/005 ・{Preparing or treating the raw materials}

C04B 11/007 ・{After-treatment of the dehydration products, e.g. aging, stabilisation}

C04B 11/02 ・{Methods and apparatus for} dehydrating gypsum {(for other purposes than cement manufacture C01F 11/466)}

C04B 11/022 ・・{Simultaneous dehydrating of gypsum and slaking of lime}

C04B 11/024 ・・Ingredients added before, or during, the calcining process, e.g. calcination modifiers

C04B 11/028 ・・Devices therefor {characterised by the type of calcining devices used therefor or by the type of hemihydrate obtained}

C04B 11/0281 ・・・{Kettles; Marmites; Autoclaves}

C04B 11/0282 ・・・・{Autoclaves, e.g. using chariots}

C04B 11/0283 ・・・{Fluidised beds}

C04B 11/0285 ・・・{Rotary kilns}

C04B 11/0286 ・・・{Suspension heaters for flash calcining, e.g. cyclones}

C04B 11/0287 ・・・{Multi-storey horizontal furnaces}

C04B 11/0288 ・・・{Grates}

C04B 11/032 ・・・for the wet process, e.g. dehydrating in solution or under saturated vapour conditions, {i.e. to obtain alpha-hemihydrate (C04B 11/0281 to C04B 11/0288 take precedence)}

C04B 11/036 ・・・for the dry process, e.g. dehydrating in a fluidised bed or in a rotary kiln, {i.e. to obtain beta-hemihydrate (C04B 11/0281 to C04B 11/0288 take precedence)}

C04B 11/05 ・obtaining anhydrite, {e.g. Keene`s cement}(C04B 11/028 takes precedence)

C04B 11/06 ・starting from anhydrite

C04B 11/26 ・{strating from chemical gypsum}; starting from phosphogypsum or from waste, e.g. purification products of smoke (C04B 11/02 takes precedence; chemical purification of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases B01D 53/00{purification of gypsum C01F 11/46})

C04B 11/262 ・・{waste gypsum other than phosphogypsum}

C04B 11/264 ・・・{Gypsum from the desulfurisation of flue gases}

C04B 11/266 ・・{Chemical gypsum}

C04B 11/268 ・・{pelletizing of the material before starting the manufacture}

C04B 11/28 ・Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials (C04B 7/04, C04B 7/153 take precedence)

C04B 11/30 ・・with hydraulic cements, e.g. Portland cements

C04B 12/00 Cements not provided for in groups C04B 7/00 to C04B 11/00

C04B 12/005 ・{Geopolymer cements, e.g. reaction products of aluminosilicates with alkali metal hydroxides or silicates}

C04B 12/02 ・Phosphate cements (in, or for, the manufacture of ceramics C04B 33/00, C04B 35/00)

C04B 12/022 ・・{Al-phosphates}

C04B 12/025 ・・{Phosphates of ammonium or of the alkali or alkaline earth metals}

C04B 12/027 ・・{mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials}

C04B 12/04 ・Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements {Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements}(alkali metal silicates per se, their preparation C01B 33/32; ammonium silicates per se, their preparation C01C 1/00)

C04B 14/00 Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone (expanding or defibrillating materials C04B 20/00)

C04B 14/005 ・{Inorganic fillers with a shape other than granular or fibrous (carbon nanotubes C04B 14/026)}

C04B 14/02 ・Granular materials, {e.g. micro-balloons}

C04B 14/022 ・・{Carbon}

C04B 14/024 ・・・{Graphite}

C04B 14/026 ・・・{of particular shape, e.g. nanotubes}

C04B 14/028 ・・・・{Carbon aerogels}

C04B 14/04 ・・Silica-rich materials; Silicates

C04B 14/041 ・・・{Aluminium silicates other than clay}

C04B 14/042 ・・・{Magnesium silicates, e.g. talc, sepiolite}

C04B 14/043 ・・・{Alkaline-earth metal silicates, e.g. wollastonite}

C04B 14/044 ・・・{Polysilicates, e.g. geopolymers}

C04B 14/045 ・・・{Alkali-metal containing silicates, e.g. petalite (waterglass C04B 12/04)}

C04B 14/046 ・・・{Zircon}

C04B 14/047 ・・・{Zeolites}

C04B 14/048 ・・・{Granite}

C04B 14/06 ・・・Quartz; Sand

C04B 14/062 ・・・・{Micro-silica, e.g. colloidal silica (preparing micro-silica slurries or suspensions C04B 18/148)}

C04B 14/064 ・・・・{Silica aerogel}

C04B 14/066 ・・・・{Precipitated or pyrogenic silica}

C04B 14/068 ・・・・{Specific natural sands, e.g. sea -, beach -, dune - or desert sand}

C04B 14/08 ・・・Diatomaceous earth

C04B 14/10 ・・・Clay {(sepiolite C04B 14/042; grog C04B 18/025)}

C04B 14/102 ・・・・{Attapulgite clay}

C04B 14/104 ・・・・{Bentonite, e.g. montmorillonite}

C04B 14/106 ・・・・{Kaolin}

C04B 14/108 ・・・・{Shale, slate (colliery shale C04B 18/125)}

C04B 14/12 ・・・・Expanded clay

C04B 14/14 ・・・Minerals of vulcanic origin {(granite C04B 14/048)}

C04B 14/16 ・・・・porous, e.g. pumice

C04B 14/18 ・・・・Perlite

C04B 14/185 ・・・・・{expanded}

C04B 14/20 ・・・Mica; Vermiculite {(Mechanical splitting B28D)}

C04B 14/202 ・・・・{Vermiculite}

C04B 14/204 ・・・・{expanded}

C04B 14/206 ・・・・{Mica or vermiculite modified by cation-exchange; chemically exfoliated vermiculate}

C04B 14/208 ・・・・・{delaminated mica or vermiculite platelets}

C04B 14/22 ・・・Glass; {Devitrified glass}

C04B 14/24 ・・・・porous, e.g. foamed glass

C04B 14/26 ・・Carbonates

C04B 14/28 ・・・of calcium

C04B 14/285 ・・・・{Marble}

C04B 14/30 ・・Oxides other than silica {ferrites C04B 14/363}

C04B 14/301 ・・・{porous or hollow}

C04B 14/302 ・・・・{Aerogels}

C04B 14/303 ・・・{Alumina}

C04B 14/304 ・・・{Magnesia}

C04B 14/305 ・・・{Titanium oxide, e.g. titanates}

C04B 14/306 ・・・{Zirconium oxide (zircon C04B 14/046)}

C04B 14/307 ・・・{Chromium oxide}

C04B 14/308 ・・・{Iron oxide}

C04B 14/309 ・・・{Copper oxide or solid solutions thereof}

C04B 14/32 ・・Carbides; Nitrides; Borides; {Silicides}

C04B 14/321 ・・・{Borides}

C04B 14/322 ・・・{Carbides}

C04B 14/323 ・・・・{Boron carbide}

C04B 14/324 ・・・・{Silicon carbide}

C04B 14/325 ・・・{Nitrides}

C04B 14/326 ・・・・{Aluminium nitride}

C04B 14/327 ・・・・{Boron nitride}

C04B 14/328 ・・・・{Silicon nitride}

C04B 14/34 ・・Metals, {e.g. ferro-silicon}

C04B 14/36 ・・Inorganic materials not provided for in groups {C04B 14/022 and}C04B 14/04 to C04B 14/34

C04B 14/361 ・・・{Soil, e.g. laterite}

C04B 14/363 ・・・{Ferrites}

C04B 14/365 ・・・{Gypsum (synthetic gypsum C04B 18/0445, C04B 18/064)}

C04B 14/366 ・・・{Phosphates, e.g. apatite}

C04B 14/368 ・・・{Baryte}

C04B 14/38 ・Fibrous materials; Whiskers

C04B 14/383 ・・{Whiskers}

C04B 14/386 ・・{Carbon (carbon nanotubes C04B 14/026)}

C04B 14/40 ・・Asbestos

C04B 14/405 ・・・{Waste asbestos}

C04B 14/42 ・・Glass

C04B 14/44 ・・・Treatment for enhancing alkali resistance {composition of alkali resistant glass fibres C03C 13/00; coating of glass fibres C03C 25/10}

C04B 14/46 ・・Rock wool; {Ceramic or silicate fibres (C04B 14/40, C04B 14/42 take precedence)}

C04B 14/4606 ・・・{added as organic or organo-mineral precursors}

C04B 14/4612 ・・・{Al-borates}

C04B 14/4618 ・・・{Oxides}

C04B 14/4625 ・・・・{Alumina}

C04B 14/4631 ・・・・{Silica}

C04B 14/4637 ・・・{Zirconia or zircon}

C04B 14/4643 ・・・{Silicates other than zircon}

C04B 14/465 ・・・・{Ca-silicate, e.g. wollastonite}

C04B 14/4656 ・・・・{Al-silicates, e.g. clay}

C04B 14/4662 ・・・・{Polysilicates, e.g. geopolymers}

C04B 14/4668 ・・・・{of vulcanic origin}

C04B 14/4675 ・・・・{from slags}

C04B 14/4681 ・・・{Titanates}

C04B 14/4687 ・・・{Non-oxide ceramics (carbon or graphite fibres C04B 14/386)}

C04B 14/4693 ・・・・{Silicon carbide}

C04B 14/48 ・・Metal

C04B 16/00 Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone

C04B 16/02 ・Cellulosic materials (cellulosic waste materials, e.g. sawdust, rice husks, C04B 18/24)

C04B 16/04 ・Macromolecular compounds (C04B 16/02 takes precedence)

C04B 16/06 ・・fibrous

C04B 16/0608 ・・・{Fibrilles, e.g. fibrillated films}

C04B 16/0616 ・・・{from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds}

C04B 16/0625 ・・・・{Polyalkenes, e.g. polyethylene}

C04B 16/0633 ・・・・・{Polypropylene}

C04B 16/0641 ・・・・{Polyvinylalcohols; Polyvinylacetates}

C04B 16/065 ・・・・{Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates}

C04B 16/0658 ・・・・・{Polyacrylonitrile}

C04B 16/0666 ・・・・{Polystyrene}

C04B 16/0675 ・・・{from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds}

C04B 16/0683 ・・・・{Polyesters, e.g. polylactides}

C04B 16/0691 ・・・・{Polyamides; Polyaramides}

C04B 16/08 ・・porous, e.g. expanded polystyrene beads {or micro-balloons}

C04B 16/082 ・・・{other than polystyrene based, e.g. polyurethane foam}

C04B 16/085 ・・・{expanded in situ, i.e. during or after mixing the mortar, concrete or artificial stone ingredients}

C04B 16/087 ・・・{shredded}

C04B 16/10 ・・Treatment for enhancing the mixability with the mortar {(coating C04B 20/10)}

C04B 16/12 ・characterised by the shape (fibrous macromolecular compounds C04B 16/06; porous macromolecular compounds C04B 16/08), {e.g. perforated strips}

C04B 18/00 Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone (use of waste materials for the manufacture of cement C04B 7/24); Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone

C04B 18/02 ・Agglomerated materials, {e.g. artificial aggregates}

C04B 18/021 ・・{agglomerated by a mineral binder, e.g. cement}

C04B 18/022 ・・{agglomerated by an organic binder}

C04B 18/023 ・・{Fired or melted materials (C04B 20/06 takes precedence)}

C04B 18/025 ・・・{Grog}

C04B 18/026 ・・・{Melted materials (C04B 14/22 takes precedence)}

C04B 18/027 ・・{Lightweight material (C04B 14/12 takes precedence)}

C04B 18/028 ・・{temporarely agglomerated, e.g. agglomerates which fall apart during mixing with the other mortar or concrete ingredients}

C04B 18/04 ・Waste materials; Refuse {(C04B 14/405 takes precedence)}

C04B 18/0409 ・・{Waste from the purification of bauxite, e.g. red mud}

C04B 18/0418 ・・{Wet materials, e.g. slurries}

C04B 18/0427 ・・{Dry materials}

C04B 18/0436 ・・{Dredged harbour or river sludge (other slurries or sludges C04B 18/0418)}

C04B 18/0445 ・・{Synthetic gypsum, e.g. phosphogypsum (gypsum from smoke purification C04B 18/064)}

C04B 18/0454 ・・{Bleaching earth}

C04B 18/0463 ・・{Hazardous waste}

C04B 18/0472 ・・・{Waste material contaminated by heavy metals}

C04B 18/0481 ・・{Other specific industrial waste materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B 18/00}

C04B 18/049 ・・・{Wastes from oil or other wells, e.g. drilling mud}

C04B 18/06 ・・Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases

C04B 18/061 ・・・{Ashes from fluidised bed furnaces}

C04B 18/062 ・・・{Purification products of smoke, fume or exhaust-gases}

C04B 18/064 ・・・・{Gypsum}

C04B 18/065 ・・・{Residues from coal gasification}

C04B 18/067 ・・・{Slags}

C04B 18/068 ・・・{from burning wood}

C04B 18/08 ・・・Flue dust, {i.e. fly ash}

C04B 18/081 ・・・・{from brown coal or lignite}

C04B 18/082 ・・・・{Cenospheres}

C04B 18/084 ・・・・{obtained from mixtures of pulverised coal and additives, added to influence the composition of the resulting flue dust}

C04B 18/085 ・・・・{Pelletizing}

C04B 18/087 ・・・・{from liquid fuels, e.g. oil}

C04B 18/088 ・・・・{in high volume fly ash compositions}

C04B 18/10 ・・・Burned {or pyrolised} refuse

C04B 18/101 ・・・・{Burned rice husks or other burned vegetable material}

C04B 18/103 ・・・・{Burned or pyrolised sludges}

C04B 18/105 ・・・・{Gaseous combustion products or dusts collected from waste incineration, e.g. sludge resulting from the purification of gaseous combustion products of waste incineration}

C04B 18/106 ・・・・・{Fly ash from waste incinerators}

C04B 18/108 ・・・・{involving a melting step}

C04B 18/12 ・・from quarries, mining or the like

C04B 18/125 ・・・{Slate residues, e.g. colliery shale or oil shale or oil shale ash}

C04B 18/14 ・・from metallurgical processes (treatment of slag C04B 5/00; for manufacture of cement C04B 7/14)

C04B 18/141 ・・・{Slags}

C04B 18/142 ・・・・{Steelmaking slags, converter slags}

C04B 18/143 ・・・・・{L.D. slags, i.e. Linz-Donawitz slags}

C04B 18/144 ・・・・{Slags from the production of specific metals other than iron or of specific alloys, e.g. ferrochrome slags}

C04B 18/145 ・・・・{Phosphorus slags}

C04B 18/146 ・・・{Silica fume}

C04B 18/147 ・・・・{Conditioning}

C04B 18/148 ・・・・・{Preparing silica fume slurries or suspensions}

C04B 18/149 ・・・{other than silica fume or slag}

C04B 18/16 ・・from building or ceramic industry {(separating plants for waste concrete slurry B03B 9/063)}

C04B 18/162 ・・・{Cement kiln dust; Lime kiln dust}

C04B 18/165 ・・・{Ceramic waste}

C04B 18/167 ・・・{Recycled material, i.e. waste material reused in the production of the same material}

C04B 18/18 ・・organic (C04B 18/10 takes precedence)

C04B 18/20 ・・・from macromolecular compounds {(recycled expanded polystyrene C04B 16/08)}

C04B 18/22 ・・・・Rubber {e.g. ground waste tires}

C04B 18/24 ・・・Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, {cork}

C04B 18/241 ・・・・{Paper, e.g. waste paper; Paper pulp}

C04B 18/243 ・・・・・{Waste from paper processing or recycling paper, e.g. de-inking sludge (burned paper processing waste C04B 18/10)}

C04B 18/245 ・・・・{Cork; Bark}

C04B 18/246 ・・・・{expanded}

C04B 18/248 ・・・・{from specific plants, e.g. hemp fibres}

C04B 18/26 ・・・・Wood, e.g. sawdust, wood shavings

C04B 18/265 ・・・・・{from specific species, e.g. birch}

C04B 18/28 ・・・・Mineralising; Compositions therefor

C04B 18/30 ・・Mixed waste; Waste of undefined composition, (C04B 18/10 takes precedence)

C04B 18/305 ・・・{Municipal waste}

C04B 20/00 Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B 14/00 to C04B 18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B 14/00 to C04B 18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials

C04B 20/0004 ・{Microcomposites or nanocomposites, e.g. composite particles obtained by polymerising monomers onto inorganic materials}

C04B 20/0008 ・{Materials specified by a shape not covered by C04B 20/0016 to C04B 20/0056, e.g. nanotubes}

C04B 20/0012 ・・{Irregular shaped fillers}

C04B 20/0016 ・{Granular materials, e.g. micro-balloons}

C04B 20/002 ・・{Hollow or porous granular materials}

C04B 20/0024 ・・・{expanded in situ, i.e. the material is expanded or made hollow after primary shaping of the mortar, concrete or artificial stone mixture (C04B 16/085 takes precedence)}

C04B 20/0028 ・・・{crushable}

C04B 20/0032 ・・・{characterised by the gas filling pores, e.g. inert gas or air at reduced pressure}

C04B 20/0036 ・・・{Micro-sized or nano-sized}

C04B 20/004 ・・・{inorganic}

C04B 20/0044 ・・{obtained from irregularly shaped particles}

C04B 20/0048 ・{Fibrous materials}

C04B 20/0052 ・・{Mixtures of fibres of different physical characteristics, e.g. different lengths}

C04B 20/0056 ・・{Hollow or porous fibres}

C04B 20/006 ・・{Microfibres; Nanofibres}

C04B 20/0064 ・・{Ground fibres}

C04B 20/0068 ・・{Composite fibres, e.g. fibres with a core and sheath of different material}

C04B 20/0072 ・・{Continuous fibres}

C04B 20/0076 ・{characterised by the grain distribution}

C04B 20/008 ・・{Micro- or nanosized fillers, e.g. micronisedfillers with particle size smaller than that of the hydraulic binder (colloidal silica C04B 14/062; silica fume C04B 18/146)}

C04B 20/0084 ・・・{Conditioning, e.g. preparing suspensions thereof (C04B 18/148 takes precedence)}

C04B 20/0088 ・・{Fillers with mono- or narrow grain size distribution}

C04B 20/0092 ・・・{Fillers with fine grain sizes only}

C04B 20/0096 ・・{Fillers with bimodal grain size distribution}

C04B 20/02 ・Treatment

C04B 20/023 ・・{Chemical treatment}

C04B 20/026 ・・{Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos}

C04B 20/04 ・・Heat treatment

C04B 20/06 ・・・Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials

C04B 20/061 ・・・・{in rotary kilns}

C04B 20/063 ・・・・{by grate sintering}

C04B 20/065 ・・・・{in fluidised beds}

C04B 20/066 ・・・・{in shaft or vertical furnaces}

C04B 20/068 ・・・・{Selection of ingredients added before or during the thermal treatment, e.g. expansion promoting agents or particle-coating materials}

C04B 20/08 ・・Defibrilating asbestos {(defibrillating other fibres C04B 20/026)}

C04B 20/10 ・Coating or impregnating {(roofing granules E04D 7/005)}

C04B 20/1003 ・・{Non-compositional aspects of the coating or impregnation}

C04B 20/1007 ・・・{Porous or lightweight coatings}

C04B 20/1011 ・・・{Temporary coatings}

C04B 20/1014 ・・・{Coating or impregnating materials characterised by the shape, e.g. fibrous materials}

C04B 20/1018 ・・{with organic materials (pigments or dyes C04B 20/1096)}

C04B 20/1022 ・・・{Non-macromolecular compounds}

C04B 20/1025 ・・・・{Fats; Fatty oils; Ester type waxes; Higher fatty acids; Derivatives thereof}

C04B 20/1029 ・・・{Macromolecular compounds}

C04B 20/1033 ・・・・{obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds}

C04B 20/1037 ・・・・{obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds}

C04B 20/104 ・・・・{Natural resins, e.g. tall oil}

C04B 20/1044 ・・・・{Bituminous materials}

C04B 20/1048 ・・・・{Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, or derivatives thereof}

C04B 20/1051 ・・{Organo-metallic compounds; Organo-silicon compounds, e.g. bentone}

C04B 20/1055 ・・{with inorganic materials}

C04B 20/1059 ・・・{Pigments or precursors thereof}

C04B 20/1062 ・・・{Metals}

C04B 20/1066 ・・・{Oxides, Hydroxides}

C04B 20/107 ・・・{Acids or salts thereof}

C04B 20/1074 ・・・{Silicates, e.g. glass}

C04B 20/1077 ・・・{Cements, e.g. waterglass}

C04B 20/1081 ・・・・{Mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers}

C04B 20/1085 ・・・・{Waterglass}

C04B 20/1088 ・・・{Water}

C04B 20/1092 ・・{with pigments or dyes (C04B 20/1059 takes precedence)}

C04B 20/1096 ・・・{organic}

C04B 20/12 ・・Multiple coating or impregnating

C04B 20/123 ・・・{Multiple coatings, for one of the coatings of which at least one alternative is described}

C04B 20/126 ・・・{Multiple coatings, comprising a coating layer of the same material as a previous coating layer}

C04B 22/00 Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, {shrink compensating agents}

C04B 22/0006 ・{Waste inorganic materials}

C04B 22/0013 ・{Boron compounds}

C04B 22/002 ・{Water}

C04B 22/0026 ・・{Salt water, e.g. seawater}

C04B 22/0033 ・・・{other than sea water, e.g. from mining activities}

C04B 22/004 ・・{containing dissolved additives or active agents, i.e. aquous solutions used as gauging water (C04B 22/0026 takes precedence)}

C04B 22/0046 ・・{Waste slurries or solutions used as gauging water}

C04B 22/0053 ・・{added in a particular physical form, e.g. atomised or in the gas phase}

C04B 22/006 ・・{released by a chemical reaction, e.g. polymer condensation}

C04B 22/0066 ・{Compounds chosen for their high crystalwater content}

C04B 22/0073 ・・{added in the non-hydrated or only partially-hydrated form}

C04B 22/008 ・{Cement and like inorganic materials added as expanding or shrinkage compensating ingredients in mortar or concrete compositions, the expansion being the result of a recrystallisation (mixtures of cements C04B 7/00, C04B 28/00)}

C04B 22/0086 ・{Seeding materials}

C04B 22/0093 ・{Aluminates}

C04B 22/02 ・Elements

C04B 22/04 ・・Metals, e.g. aluminium used as blowing agent

C04B 22/06 ・Oxides, Hydroxides (C04B 22/0013 takes precedence)

C04B 22/062 ・・{of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals}

C04B 22/064 ・・・{of the alkaline-earth metals}

C04B 22/066 ・・{Magnesia; Magnesium hydroxide}

C04B 22/068 ・・{Peroxides, e.g. hydrogen peroxide}

C04B 22/08 ・Acids or salts thereof {C04B 22/0013 takes precedence}

C04B 22/082 ・・{Acids}

C04B 22/085 ・・{containing nitrogen in the anion, e.g. nitrites}

C04B 22/087 ・・{containing chromium in the anion, e.g. chromates}

C04B 22/10 ・・containing carbon in the anion

C04B 22/103 ・・・{Acids}

C04B 22/106 ・・・{Bicarbonates}

C04B 22/12 ・・containing halogen in the anion

C04B 22/122 ・・・{Acids}

C04B 22/124 ・・・{Chlorides of ammonium or of the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g. calcium chloride}

C04B 22/126 ・・・{Fluorine compounds, e.g. silico-fluorine compounds}

C04B 22/128 ・・・{Bromine compounds}

C04B 22/14 ・・containing sulfur in the anion, e.g. sulfides

C04B 22/141 ・・・{Acids}

C04B 22/142 ・・・{Sulfates}

C04B 22/143 ・・・・{Calcium-sulfate}

C04B 22/144 ・・・・・{Phosphogypsum}

C04B 22/145 ・・・・・{Gypsum from the desulfuration of flue gases}

C04B 22/146 ・・・・・{other waste Ca-sulfate}

C04B 22/147 ・・・・{Alkali-metal sulfates; Ammonium sulfate}

C04B 22/148 ・・・・{Aluminium-sulfate}

C04B 22/149 ・・・・{Iron-sulfates}

C04B 22/16 ・・containing phosphorus in the anion, e.g. phosphates

C04B 22/165 ・・・{Acids}

C04B 24/00 Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers

C04B 24/001 ・{Waste organic materials}

C04B 24/003 ・{Phosphorus-containing compounds}

C04B 24/005 ・{Halogen-containing compounds}

C04B 24/006 ・{Boron-containing compounds}

C04B 24/008 ・{Aldehydes, ketones}

C04B 24/02 ・Alcohols; Phenols; Ethers

C04B 24/023 ・・{Ethers}

C04B 24/026 ・・{Fatty alcohols}

C04B 24/04 ・Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof

C04B 24/045 ・・{Esters, e.g. lactones}

C04B 24/06 ・・containing hydroxy groups

C04B 24/08 ・Fats; Fatty oils; Ester type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats

C04B 24/085 ・・{Higher fatty acids}

C04B 24/10 ・Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof

C04B 24/12 ・Nitrogen containing compounds {organic derivatives of hydrazine (hydrazine C04B 22/00)}

C04B 24/121 ・・{Amines, polyamines}

C04B 24/122 ・・{Hydroxy amines}

C04B 24/123 ・・{Amino-carboxylic acids}

C04B 24/124 ・・{Amides}

C04B 24/125 ・・{Compounds containing one or more carbon-to-nitrogen double or triple bonds, e.g. imines}

C04B 24/126 ・・{Urea}

C04B 24/127 ・・{Nitro-compounds}

C04B 24/128 ・・{Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds}

C04B 24/129 ・・{Compounds containing one or more nitrogen-to-nitrogen double bonds, e.g. azo-compounds}

C04B 24/14 ・・Peptides; Proteins; Derivatives thereof

C04B 24/16 ・Sulfur-containing compounds

C04B 24/161 ・・{Macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups}

C04B 24/163 ・・・{obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds}

C04B 24/165 ・・・・{containing polyether side chains}

C04B 24/166 ・・・{obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds}

C04B 24/168 ・・・{Polysaccharide derivatives, e.g. starch sulfate}

C04B 24/18 ・・Lignin sulfonic acid or derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfite lye

C04B 24/20 ・・Sulfonated aromatic compounds

C04B 24/22 ・・・Condensation {or polymerisation} products thereof

C04B 24/223 ・・・・{Sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde condensation products}

C04B 24/226 ・・・・{Sulfonated naphtalene-formaldehyde condensation products}

C04B 24/24 ・Macromolecular compounds (C04B 24/14 takes precedence; macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups C04B 24/16)

C04B 24/243 ・・{Phosphorus-containing polymers}

C04B 24/246 ・・・[N: containing polyether side chains

C04B 24/26 ・・obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds {(C04B 24/243 takes precedence)}

C04B 24/2605 ・・・{containing polyether side chains}

C04B 24/2611 ・・・{Polyalkenes}

C04B 24/2617 ・・・{Coumarone polymers}

C04B 24/2623 ・・・{Polyvinylalcohols; Polyvinylacetates}

C04B 24/2629 ・・・・{containing polyether side chains}

C04B 24/2635 ・・・{Polyvinylacetals}

C04B 24/2641 ・・・{Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates}

C04B 24/2647 ・・・・{containing polyether side chains}N04

C04B 24/2652 ・・・{Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles}

C04B 24/2658 ・・・・{containing polyether side chains}

C04B 24/2664 ・・・{of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid polymers, e.g. maleic anhydride copolymers}

C04B 24/267 ・・・・{containing polyether side chains}

C04B 24/2676 ・・・{Polystyrenes}

C04B 24/2682 ・・・{Halogen containing polymers, e.g. PVC}

C04B 24/2688 ・・・{Copolymers containing at least three different monomers}

C04B 24/2694 ・・・・{containing polyether side chains}

C04B 24/28 ・・obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds {(C04B 24/243 takes precedence)}

C04B 24/281 ・・・{Polyepoxides}

C04B 24/282 ・・・{Polyurethanes; Polyisocyanates}

C04B 24/283 ・・・{Polyesters}

C04B 24/285 ・・・・{Polylactides}

C04B 24/286 ・・・{Polycarbonates}

C04B 24/287 ・・・{Polyamides}

C04B 24/288 ・・・{Halogen containing polymers}

C04B 24/30 ・・・Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones

C04B 24/302 ・・・・{Phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers}

C04B 24/305 ・・・・{Melamine-formaldehyde condensation polymers}

C04B 24/307 ・・・・{Urea-formaldehyde condensation polymers}

C04B 24/32 ・・・Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether

C04B 24/34 ・・Natural resins, e.g. rosin {(C04B 24/243 takes precedence)}

C04B 24/36 ・・Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch {(C04B 24/243 takes precedence)}

C04B 24/38 ・・Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof {(C04B 24/243 takes precedence)}

C04B 24/383 ・・・{Cellulose or derivatives thereof}

C04B 24/386 ・・・・{containing polyether side chains}

C04B 24/40 ・Compounds containing silicon, titanium or zirconium {or other organo-metallic compounds; Organo-clays; Organo-inorganic complexes}

C04B 24/405 ・・{Organo-inorganic complexes}

C04B 24/42 ・・Organo-silicon compounds

C04B 24/425 ・・・{Organo-modified inorganic compounds, e.g. organo-clays}

C04B 26/00 Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, {e.g. polymer or resin concrete (mechanical aspects moulding polymer or resin concrete B29C 67/242)}

C04B 26/003 ・{Oil-based binders, e.g. containing linseed oil}

C04B 26/006 ・{Waste materials as binder}

C04B 26/02 ・Macromolecular compounds

C04B 26/023 ・・{Organic ionomer cements}

C04B 26/026 ・・{Proteins or derivatives thereof}

C04B 26/04 ・・obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

C04B 26/045 ・・・{Polyalkenes}

C04B 26/06 ・・・Acrylates

C04B 26/08 ・・・containing halogen

C04B 26/10 ・・obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

C04B 26/105 ・・・{Furfuryl alcohol polymers, e.g. furan-polymers}

C04B 26/12 ・・・Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones

C04B 26/122 ・・・・{Phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers}

C04B 26/125 ・・・・{Melamine-formaldehyde condensation polymers}

C04B 26/127 ・・・・[N. Urea formaldehyde condensation polymers]

C04B 26/14 ・・・Polyepoxides

C04B 26/16 ・・・Polyurethanes

C04B 26/18 ・・・Polyesters; Polycarbonates

C04B 26/20 ・・・Polyamides

C04B 26/22 ・・Natural resins, e.g. rosin

C04B 26/24 ・・・Cellulosic waste liquor, e.g. sulfite lye

C04B 26/26 ・・Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch {C08L 95/00 takes precedence}

C04B 26/28 ・・Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof

C04B 26/285 ・・・{Cellulose or derivatives thereof, e.g. starch (C04B 26/24 takes precedence)}

C04B 26/30 ・Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages; {Other silicon-containing organic compounds; Boron-organic compounds}

C04B 26/32 ・・containing silicon

C04B 28/00 Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements

C04B 28/001 ・{containing unburned clay (polymer binder - clay mixtures used in well cementing C09K 8/44)}

C04B 28/003 ・{containing hybrid binders other than those of the polycarboxylate type}

C04B 28/005 ・{containing gelatineous or gel forming binders, e.g. gelatineous Al(OH)3, sol-gel binders}

C04B 28/006 ・{containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type}

C04B 28/008 ・・{Mineral polymers other than those of the Davidovits type, e.g. from a reaction mixture containing waterglass}

C04B 28/02 ・containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates

C04B 28/021 ・・{Ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements (fly ash as filler C04B 18/08); Cements based on incineration residues, e.g. alkali-activated slags from waste incineration (alkali-activated combustion residues as such C04B 7/243; mixtures of the lime-pozzuolane type C04B 28/18); Kiln dust cements}

C04B 28/023 ・・{Barium cements}

C04B 28/025 ・・{Belite cements}

C04B 28/026 ・・{Oil shale cements}

C04B 28/028 ・・{Alinite cements, i.e. "Nudelman"-type cements}

C04B 28/04 ・・Portland cements

C04B 28/06 ・・Aluminous cements (monolithic refractories or refractory mortars C04B 35/66)

C04B 28/065 ・・・{Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite}

C04B 28/08 ・・Slag cements

C04B 28/082 ・・・{Steelmaking slags; Converter slags}

C04B 28/085 ・・・{Slags from the production of specific alloys, e.g. ferrochrome slags}

C04B 28/087 ・・・{Phosphorus slags}

C04B 28/10 ・・Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements

C04B 28/105 ・・・{Magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate cements}

C04B 28/12 ・・・Hydraulic lime

C04B 28/14 ・containing calcium sulfate cements {gypsum-paper plates E04C}

C04B 28/141 ・・{containing dihydrated gypsum before the final hardening step, e.g. forming a dihydrated gypsum product followed by a de- and rehydration step}

C04B 28/142 ・・{containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements}

C04B 28/143 ・・・{the synthetic calcium sulfate being phosphogypsum}

C04B 28/144 ・・・{the synthetic calcium sulfate being a flue gas desulfurization product}

C04B 28/145 ・・{Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form}

C04B 28/146 ・・・{alpha-hemihydrate}

C04B 28/147 ・・・{beta-hemihydrate}

C04B 28/148 ・・{containing calcium sulfate formed in situ, e.g. by the reaction of iron sulfate with lime}

C04B 28/16 ・・containing anhydrite, {e.g. Keene`s cement}

C04B 28/165 ・・・{containing synthetic anhydrite}

C04B 28/18 ・containing mixtures of the silica-lime type

C04B 28/182 ・・{based on calcium silicate forming mixtures not containing lime or lime producing ingredients, e.g. waterglass based mixtures heated with a calcium salt}

C04B 28/184 ・・{based on an oxide other than lime}

C04B 28/186 ・・{containing formed Ca-silicates before the final hardening step}

C04B 28/188 ・・・{the Ca-silicates being present in the starting mixture}

C04B 28/20 ・・Sand-lime

C04B 28/22 ・・Lime and pozzuolanas

C04B 28/225 ・・・{artificial pozzuolanas}

C04B 28/24 ・containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols {(reaction mixtures resulting in mineral polymers C04B 28/006; polymeric reaction products of alkali metal silicates with isocyanates C08G 18/3895)}

C04B 28/26 ・・Silicates of the alkali metals

C04B 28/28 ・containing organic polyacids, e.g. polycarboxylate cements, {i.e. ionomeric systems}

C04B 28/30 ・containing magnesium cements {or similar cements}(magnesium oxide cements C04B 28/10)

C04B 28/32 ・・Magnesium oxychloride cements, e.g. Sorel cement

C04B 28/34 ・containing cold phosphate binders

C04B 28/342 ・・{the phosphate binder being present in the starting composition as a mixture of free acid and one or more reactive oxides}

C04B 28/344 ・・{the phosphate binder being present in the starting composition solely as one or more phosphates}

C04B 28/346 ・・{the phosphate binder being present in the starting composition as a mixture of free acid and one or more phosphates}

C04B 28/348 ・・・{the starting mixture also containing one or more reactive oxides}

C04B 28/36 ・containing sulfur, sulfides or selenium

C04B 28/365 ・・{containing sulfides or selenium}

C04B 30/00 Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders

C04B 30/02 ・containing fibrous materials

C04B 32/00 Artificial stone not provided for in other groups of this subclass

C04B 32/005 ・{Artificial stone obtained by melting at least part of the composition, e.g. metal (C04B 28/36 and C03C take precedence)(cast stone from molten slag C04B 5/00; artificial stone obtained by melting the polymeric ingredient of the composition C04B 26/00)}

C04B 32/02 ・with reinforcements {(contains no documents; reinforcing elements E04C 5/00)}

C04B 33/00 Clay-wares (monolithic refractories or refractory mortars C04B 35/66; porous products C04B 38/00)

C04B 33/02 ・Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches

C04B 33/025 ・・{Mixtures of materials with different sizes}

C04B 33/04 ・・clay; kaolin

C04B 33/06 ・・・Rendering lime harmless

C04B 33/08 ・・・・Preventing efflorescence

C04B 33/10 ・・Eliminating iron or lime

C04B 33/13 ・・Compounding ingredients (C04B 33/36, C04B 35/71 take precedence; {pigments for ceramics C09C 1/0009})

C04B 33/1305 ・・・{Organic additives}

C04B 33/131 ・・・{Inorganic additives}

C04B 33/1315 ・・・{Non-ceramic binders}

C04B 33/132 ・・・Waste materials; Refuse; {Residues}(C04B 33/16 takes presedence; {waste glass C04B 33/13})

C04B 33/1321 ・・・・{Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds (slurries of specific well-defined waste streams, e.g. phosphate muds, other than red mud, C04B 33/132)}

C04B 33/1322 ・・・・・{Red mud}

C04B 33/1324 ・・・・{Recycled material, e.g. tile dust, stone waste, spent refractory material}

C04B 33/1325 ・・・・{Hazardous waste other than combustion residues (dredging sludge C04B 33/1321)}

C04B 33/1327 ・・・・・{containing heavy metals}

C04B 33/1328 ・・・・{without additional clay}

C04B 33/135 ・・・・Combustion residues, e.g fly ash, incineration waste {(silica fume C04B 33/132)}

C04B 33/1352 ・・・・・{Fuel ashes, e.g. fly ash}

C04B 33/1355 ・・・・・{Incineration residues}

C04B 33/1357 ・・・・・・{Sewage sludge ash or slag}

C04B 33/138 ・・・・from metallurgical processes, e.g. slag, furnace dust, galvanic waste

C04B 33/14 ・・・Colouring matters

C04B 33/16 ・・・Lean materials, e.g. grog, quartz

C04B 33/18 ・・・for liquefying the batches

C04B 33/20 ・・for dry-pressing (C04B 33/13 takes precedence)

C04B 33/22 ・Grog products

C04B 33/24 ・Manufacture of porcelain or white ware

C04B 33/26 ・・of porcelain for electrical insulation

C04B 33/28 ・Slip casting (mechanical features B28B 1/26)

C04B 33/30 ・Drying methods

C04B 33/32 ・Burning methods

C04B 33/323 ・・{involving melting, fusion or softening}

C04B 33/326 ・・{under pressure}

C04B 33/34 ・・combined with glazing

C04B 33/36 ・Reinforced clay-wares

C04B 35/00 Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition {(porous ceramic products C04B 38/00; ceramic articles characterised by particular shape, see the relevant classes, e.g. linings for casting ladles, tundishes, cups or the like B22D 41/02; ceramic substrates for microelectronic semi-conductors H01L 23/15)}; Ceramics compositions

C04B 35/01 ・based on oxide ceramics

C04B 35/013 ・・{containing carbon (C04B 35/103 takes precedence)}

C04B 35/016 ・・{based on manganites}

C04B 35/03 ・・based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite

C04B 35/04 ・・・based on magnesium oxide

C04B 35/043 ・・・・Refractories from grain sized mixtures

C04B 35/0435 ・・・・・{containing refractory metal compounds other than chromium oxide or chrome ore}

C04B 35/047 ・・・・・containing chromium oxide or chrome ore

C04B 35/0473 ・・・・・・{obtained from fused grains}

C04B 35/0476 ・・・・・・{obtained from prereacted sintered grains ("simultaneous sinter")}

C04B 35/05 ・・・・Refractories by fusion casting

C04B 35/051 ・・・・・{containing chromium oxide or chrome ore}

C04B 35/053 ・・・・Fine ceramics

C04B 35/057 ・・・based on calcium oxide

C04B 35/06 ・・・based on oxide mixtures derived from dolomite

C04B 35/08 ・・based on beryllium oxide

C04B 35/10 ・・based on aluminium oxide

C04B 35/101 ・・・Refractories from grain sized mixtures

C04B 35/1015 ・・・・{containing refractory metal compounds other than those covered by C04B 35/103 to C04B 35/106}

C04B 35/103 ・・・・containing non-oxide refractory materials, e.g. carbon (C04B 35/106 takes precedence)

C04B 35/105 ・・・・containing chromium oxide or chrome ore

C04B 35/106 ・・・・containing zirconium oxide or zircon (ZrSiO4)

C04B 35/107 ・・・Refractories by fusion casting

C04B 35/109 ・・・・containing zirconium oxide or zircon (ZrSiO4)

C04B 35/111 ・・・Fine ceramics

C04B 35/1115 ・・・・{Minute sintered entities, e.g. sintered abrasive grains or shaped particles such as platelets (abrasives C09K 3/14)}

C04B 35/113 ・・・・based on beta-aluminium oxide

C04B 35/115 ・・・・Translucent or transparant products

C04B 35/117 ・・・・Composites

C04B 35/119 ・・・・・with zirconium oxide

C04B 35/12 ・・based on chromium oxide (C04B 35/047 and C04B 35/105 take precedence)

C04B 35/14 ・・based on silica

C04B 35/16 ・・based on silicates other than clay {(zircon C04B 35/48)}

C04B 35/18 ・・・rich in aluminium oxide

C04B 35/185 ・・・・Mullite {3Al2O3-2SiO2}

C04B 35/19 ・・・・Alkali metal aluminosilicates, e.g. spodumene

C04B 35/195 ・・・・Alkaline earth aluminosilicates, e.g. cordierite {or anorthite}

C04B 35/20 ・・・rich in magnesium oxide, {e.g. forsterite (C04B 35/195 takes precedence)}

C04B 35/22 ・・・rich in calcium oxide, {e.g. wollastonite (C04B 35/195 takes precedence)}

C04B 35/26 ・・based on ferrites

C04B 35/2608 ・・・{Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead}

C04B 35/2616 ・・・・{containing lithium}

C04B 35/2625 ・・・・{containing magnesium}

C04B 35/2633 ・・・・{containing barium, strontium or calcium}

C04B 35/2641 ・・・{Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals and one or more ferrites of the group comprising alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead}

C04B 35/265 ・・・{Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese or zinc and one or more ferrites of the group comprising nickel, copper or cobalt}

C04B 35/2658 ・・・{Other ferrites containing manganese or zinc, e.g. Mn-Zn ferrites}

C04B 35/2666 ・・・{Other ferrites containing nickel, copper or cobalt}

C04B 35/2675 ・・・{Other ferrites containing rare earth metals, e.g. rare earth ferrite garnets}

C04B 35/2683 ・・・{Other ferrites containing alkaline earth metals or lead}

C04B 35/2691 ・・・{Other ferrites containing alkaline metals}

C04B 35/42 ・・based on chromites (C04B 35/047 and C04B 35/105 take precedence)

C04B 35/44 ・・based on aluminates

C04B 35/443 ・・・Magnesium aluminate spinel

C04B 35/447 ・・based on phosphates, {e.g. hydroxyapatite}

C04B 35/45 ・・based on copper oxide or solid solutions thereof with other oxides

C04B 35/4504 ・・・{containing rare earth oxides}

C04B 35/4508 ・・・・{Type 1-2-3}

C04B 35/4512 ・・・{containing thallium oxide}

C04B 35/4517 ・・・・{also containing lead oxide}

C04B 35/4521 ・・・{containing bismuth oxide}

C04B 35/4525 ・・・・{also containing lead oxide}

C04B 35/453 ・・based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates

C04B 35/457 ・・・based on tin oxides or stannates

C04B 35/46 ・・based on titanium oxide or titanates (containing also zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates or hafnates C04B 35/49)

C04B 35/462 ・・・based on titanates

C04B 35/465 ・・・・based on alkaline earth metal titanates

C04B 35/468 ・・・・・based on barium titanates

C04B 35/4682 ・・・・・・{based on BaTiO3 perofskite phase}

C04B 35/4684 ・・・・・・・{containing lead compounds (C04B 35/472 takes precedence)}

C04B 35/4686 ・・・・・・{based on phases other than BaTiO3 perofskite phase}

C04B 35/4688 ・・・・・・・{containing lead compounds (C04B 35/472 takes precedence)}

C04B 35/47 ・・・・・based on strontium titanates

C04B 35/472 ・・・・based on lead titanates

C04B 35/475 ・・・・based on bismuth titanates

C04B 35/478 ・・・・based on aluminium titanates

C04B 35/48 ・・based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, {zircon} or hafnates

C04B 35/481 ・・・{containing silicon, e.g. zircon}

C04B 35/482 ・・・Refractories from grain sized mixtures

C04B 35/484 ・・・Refractories by fusion casting

C04B 35/486 ・・・Fine ceramics

C04B 35/488 ・・・・Composites

C04B 35/4885 ・・・・・{with aluminium oxide}

C04B 35/49 ・・・containing also titanium oxides or titanates

C04B 35/491 ・・・・based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, {e.g. PZT}

C04B 35/493 ・・・・・containing also other lead compounds

C04B 35/495 ・・based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates

C04B 35/497 ・・・based on solid solutions with lead oxides

C04B 35/499 ・・・・containing also titanates

C04B 35/50 ・based on rare-earth compounds {(non-oxide rare earth compounds C04B 35/5156)}

C04B 35/505 ・・based on yttrium oxide

C04B 35/51 ・based on compounds of actinides ({non-oxide actinide compounds C04B 35/5158}; nuclear fuel materials G21C 3/62)

C04B 35/515 ・based on non-oxide ceramics

C04B 35/5152 ・・{based on halogenides other than fluorides}

C04B 35/5154 ・・{based on phosphides}

C04B 35/5156 ・・{based on rare earth compounds}

C04B 35/5158 ・・{based on actinide compounds}

C04B 35/52 ・・based on carbon, e.g. graphite

C04B 35/521 ・・・{obtained by impregnation of carbon products with a carbonisable material}

C04B 35/522 ・・・{Graphite (C04B 35/536 takes precedence)}

C04B 35/524 ・・・obtained from polymer precursors, e.g. glass-like carbon material

C04B 35/528 ・・・obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components

C04B 35/532 ・・・・containing a carbonisable binder

C04B 35/536 ・・・based on expanded graphite {or complexed graphite}

C04B 35/547 ・・based on sulfides or selenides {or tellurides}

C04B 35/553 ・・based on fluorides

C04B 35/56 ・・based on carbides {or oxycarbides (containing free metal binder C22C 29/00)}

C04B 35/5603 ・・・{with a well-defined oxygen content, e.g. oxycarbides}

C04B 35/5607 ・・・{based on refractory metal carbides}

C04B 35/5611 ・・・・{based on titanium carbides}

C04B 35/5615 ・・・・・{based on titanium silicon carbides}

C04B 35/5618 ・・・・・{based on titanium aluminium carbides}

C04B 35/5622 ・・・・{based on zirconium or hafnium carbides}

C04B 35/5626 ・・・・{based on tungsten carbides}

C04B 35/563 ・・・based on boron carbide

C04B 35/565 ・・・based on silicon carbide

C04B 35/571 ・・・・obtained from {Si-containing} polymer precursors {or organosilicon monomers}

C04B 35/573 ・・・・obtained by reaction sintering {or recrystallisation}

C04B 35/575 ・・・・obtained by pressure sintering

C04B 35/5755 ・・・・・{obtained by gas pressure sintering}

C04B 35/58 ・・based on borides, nitrides, [i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides] or silicides {(containing free binder metal C22C 29/00)}

C04B 35/58007 ・・・{based on refractory metal nitrides}

C04B 35/58014 ・・・・{based on titanium nitrides, e.g. TiAlON}

C04B 35/58021 ・・・・・{based on titanium carbonitrides}

C04B 35/58028 ・・・・{based on zirconium or hafnium nitrides}

C04B 35/58035 ・・・・・{based on zirconium or hafnium carbonitrides}

C04B 35/58042 ・・・{based on iron group metals nitrides}

C04B 35/5805 ・・・{based on borides}

C04B 35/58057 ・・・・{based on magnesium boride, e.g. MgB2}

C04B 35/58064 ・・・・{based on refractory borides}

C04B 35/58071 ・・・・・{based on titanium borides}

C04B 35/58078 ・・・・・{based on zirconium or hafnium borides}

C04B 35/58085 ・・・{based on silicides}

C04B 35/58092 ・・・・{based on refractory metal silicides}

C04B 35/581 ・・・based on aluminium nitride

C04B 35/583 ・・・based on boron nitride

C04B 35/5831 ・・・・based on cubic boron nitrides {or Wurtzitic boron nitrides, including crystal structure transformation of powder}

C04B 35/584 ・・・based on silicon nitride

C04B 35/587 ・・・・Fine ceramics

C04B 35/589 ・・・・obtained from {Si-containing} polymer precursors {or organosilicon monomers}

C04B 35/591 ・・・・obtained by reaction sintering

C04B 35/593 ・・・・obtained by pressure sintering

C04B 35/5935 ・・・・・{obtained by gas pressure sintering}

C04B 35/597 ・・・based on silicon oxynitride, {e.g. SIALONS}

C04B 35/622 ・Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products

C04B 35/62204 ・・{using waste materials or refuse (clay-wares containing waste materials C04B 33/132)}

C04B 35/62209 ・・・{using woody material, remaining in the ceramic products (to obtain porous material by burning out C04B 38/06)}

C04B 35/62213 ・・・{using rice material, e.g. bran or hulls or husks}

C04B 35/62218 ・・{obtaining ceramic films, e.g. by using temporary supports}

C04B 35/62222 ・・{obtaining ceramic coatings (coating of mortars, concrete, artificial or natural stone or ceramics C04B 41/45; laminated ceramic products B32B 18/00; coating metallic materials C23; coating of glass C03C 17/00, applying ceramic coatings on silicon for semi-conductor purposes H01L)}

C04B 35/62227 ・・{obtaining fibres}

C04B 35/62231 ・・・{based on oxide ceramics}

C04B 35/62236 ・・・・{Fibres based on aluminium oxide}

C04B 35/6224 ・・・・{Fibres based on silica}

C04B 35/62245 ・・・・・{rich in aluminium oxide}

C04B 35/6225 ・・・・{Fibres based on zirconium oxide, e.g. zirconates such as PZT} [0807]

C04B 35/62254 ・・・・{Fibres based on copper oxide}

C04B 35/62259 ・・・・{Fibres based on titanium oxide}

C04B 35/62263 ・・・・{Fibres based on magnesium oxide}

C04B 35/62268 ・・・・{Fibres based on metal phosphorus oxides, e.g. phosphates}

C04B 35/62272 ・・・{based on non-oxide ceramics (carbon nanotubes C01B 31/0206; carbon fibers D01F 9/12)}

C04B 35/62277 ・・・・{Fibres based on carbides}

C04B 35/62281 ・・・・・{based on silicon carbide (C04B 35/571 takes precedence)}

C04B 35/62286 ・・・・{Fibres based on nitrides}

C04B 35/6229 ・・・・・{based on boron nitride}

C04B 35/62295 ・・・・・{based on silicon nitride (C04B 35/589 takes precedence)}

C04B 35/624 ・・Sol-gel processing

C04B 35/626 ・・Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches {(pigments for ceramics C09C 1/0009); preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B}

C04B 35/62605 ・・・{Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures}

C04B 35/6261 ・・・・{Milling}

C04B 35/62615 ・・・・・{High energy or reactive ball milling}

C04B 35/6262 ・・・・・{of calcined, sintered clinker or ceramics}

C04B 35/62625 ・・・・{Wet mixtures}

C04B 35/6263 ・・・・・{characterised by their solids loadings, i.e. the percentage of solids}

C04B 35/62635 ・・・・・{Mixing details}

C04B 35/6264 ・・・・・{Mixing media, e.g. organic solvents}

C04B 35/62645 ・・・・{Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering}

C04B 35/6265 ・・・・・{involving reduction or oxidation}

C04B 35/62655 ・・・・・{Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying}

C04B 35/6266 ・・・・・・{Humidity controlled drying}

C04B 35/62665 ・・・・・{Flame, plasma or melting treatment}

C04B 35/6267 ・・・・・{Pyrolysis, carbonisation or auto-combustion reactions}

C04B 35/62675 ・・・・・{characterised by the treatment temperature}

C04B 35/6268 ・・・・・{characterised by the applied pressure or type of atmosphere, e.g. in vacuum, hydrogen or a specific oxygen pressure}

C04B 35/62685 ・・・・{characterised by the order of addition of constituents or additives}

C04B 35/6269 ・・・・{Curing of mixtures}

C04B 35/62695 ・・・・{Granulation or pelletising (devices for shaping artificial aggregates from ceramic mixtures B28B 1/004)}

C04B 35/628 ・・・Coating the powders {or the macroscopic reinforcing agents}

C04B 35/62802 ・・・・{Powder coating materials}

C04B 35/62805 ・・・・・{Oxide ceramics}

C04B 35/62807 ・・・・・・{Silica or silicates}

C04B 35/6281 ・・・・・・{Alkaline earth metal oxides}

C04B 35/62813 ・・・・・・{Alumina or aluminates}

C04B 35/62815 ・・・・・・{Rare earth metal oxides}

C04B 35/62818 ・・・・・・{Refractory metal oxides}

C04B 35/62821 ・・・・・・・{Titanium oxide}

C04B 35/62823 ・・・・・・・{Zirconium or hafnium oxide}

C04B 35/62826 ・・・・・・{Iron group metal oxides}

C04B 35/62828 ・・・・・{Non-oxide ceramics}

C04B 35/62831 ・・・・・・{Carbides}

C04B 35/62834 ・・・・・・・{Silicon carbide}

C04B 35/62836 ・・・・・・{Nitrides}

C04B 35/62839 ・・・・・・{Carbon}

C04B 35/62842 ・・・・・{Metals}

C04B 35/62844 ・・・・{Coating fibres}

C04B 35/62847 ・・・・・{with oxide ceramics}

C04B 35/62849 ・・・・・・{Silica or silicates}

C04B 35/62852 ・・・・・・{Alumina or aluminates}

C04B 35/62855 ・・・・・・{Refractory metal oxides}

C04B 35/62857 ・・・・・{with non-oxide ceramics}

C04B 35/6286 ・・・・・・{Carbides}

C04B 35/62863 ・・・・・・・{Silicon carbide}

C04B 35/62865 ・・・・・・{Nitrides}

C04B 35/62868 ・・・・・・・{Boron nitride}

C04B 35/62871 ・・・・・・・{Silicon nitride}

C04B 35/62873 ・・・・・・{Carbon}

C04B 35/62876 ・・・・・{with metals}

C04B 35/62878 ・・・・・{with boron or silicon}

C04B 35/62881 ・・・・・{with metal salts, e.g. phosphates}

C04B 35/62884 ・・・・{by gas phase techniques}

C04B 35/62886 ・・・・{by wet chemical techniques}

C04B 35/62889 ・・・・{with a discontinuous coating layer}

C04B 35/62892 ・・・・{with a coating layer consisting of particles}

C04B 35/62894 ・・・・{with more than one coating layer}

C04B 35/62897 ・・・・{Coatings characterised by their thickness}

C04B 35/63 ・・・using additives specially adapted for forming the products, {e.g.. binder binders}

C04B 35/6303 ・・・・{Inorganic additives}

C04B 35/6306 ・・・・・{Binders based on phosphoric acids or phosphates}

C04B 35/6309 ・・・・・・{Aluminium phosphates}

C04B 35/6313 ・・・・・・{Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phosphates}

C04B 35/6316 ・・・・・{Binders based on silicon compounds}

C04B 35/632 ・・・・Organic additives

C04B 35/6325 ・・・・・{based on organo-metallic compounds}

C04B 35/634 ・・・・・Polymers (C04B 35/636 takes precedence)

C04B 35/63404 ・・・・・・{obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds}

C04B 35/63408 ・・・・・・・{Polyalkenes}

C04B 35/63412 ・・・・・・・{Coumarone polymers}

C04B 35/63416 ・・・・・・・{Polyvinylalcohols (PVA); Polyvinylacetates}

C04B 35/6342 ・・・・・・・{Polyvinylacetals, e.g. polyvinylbutyral (PVB)}

C04B 35/63424 ・・・・・・・{Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates}

C04B 35/63428 ・・・・・・・{of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride polymers, e.g. maleic anhydride copolymers}

C04B 35/63432 ・・・・・・・{Polystyrenes}

C04B 35/63436 ・・・・・・・{Halogen-containing polymers, e.g. PVC}

C04B 35/6344 ・・・・・・・{Copolymers containing at least three different monomers}

C04B 35/63444 ・・・・・・・{Nitrogen-containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylenimine (PEI)}

C04B 35/63448 ・・・・・・{obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds}

C04B 35/63452 ・・・・・・・{Polyepoxides}

C04B 35/63456 ・・・・・・・{Polyurethanes; Polyisocyanates}

C04B 35/6346 ・・・・・・・{Polyesters}

C04B 35/63464 ・・・・・・・{Polycarbonates}

C04B 35/63468 ・・・・・・・{Polyamides}

C04B 35/63472 ・・・・・・・{Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones}

C04B 35/63476 ・・・・・・・・{Phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers}

C04B 35/6348 ・・・・・・・・{Melamine-formaldehyde condensation polymers}

C04B 35/63484 ・・・・・・・・{Urea-formaldehyde condensation polymers}

C04B 35/63488 ・・・・・・・{Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene oxide (PEO)}

C04B 35/63492 ・・・・・・{Natural resins, e.g. rosin}

C04B 35/63496 ・・・・・・{Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch}

C04B 35/636 ・・・・・Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof

C04B 35/6365 ・・・・・・{Cellulose or derivatives thereof}

C04B 35/638 ・・・・Removal thereof

C04B 35/64 ・・Burning or sintering processes (C04B 33/32 takes precedence; {powder metallurgy B22F})

C04B 35/645 ・・・Pressure sintering

C04B 35/6455 ・・・・{Hot isostatic pressing}

C04B 35/65 ・・・Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions {(C04B 35/573, C04B 35/591 take precedence)}

C04B 35/651 ・・・・{Thermite type sintering, e.g. combustion sintering}

C04B 35/652 ・・・・{Directional oxidation or solidification, e.g. Lanxide process}

C04B 35/653 ・・Processes involving a melting step

C04B 35/657 ・・・for manufacturing refractories (C04B 35/05, C04B 35/107, C04B 35/484 take precedence)

C04B 35/66 ・Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay {(making or repairing of linings F27D 1/16)}

C04B 35/71 ・Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents (C04B 35/66 takes precedence; {infiltration of a porous ceramic matrix with a material forming a non-ceramic phase C04B 41/00, reaction infiltration with Si in order to form SiC C04B 35/573, in order to form Si3N4 C04B 35/591})

C04B 35/74 ・・containing shaped metallic materials

C04B 35/76 ・・・Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like

C04B 35/78 ・・containing non-metallic materials

C04B 35/80 ・・・Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like {(carbon reinforced with carbon fibres see C04B 35/83)}

C04B 35/803 ・・・・{The matrix of the ceramic products consisting of oxides only}

C04B 35/806 ・・・・{The matrix of the ceramic products consisting of non-oxides only}

C04B 35/82 ・・・・Asbestos; Glass; Fused silica

C04B 35/83 ・・・・Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix

C04B 37/00 Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating (laminated products B32B, E04C; {soldering and welding materials B23K 35/24})

C04B 37/001 ・{directly with other burned ceramic articles}

C04B 37/003 ・{by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts}

C04B 37/005 ・・{consisting of glass or ceramic material}

C04B 37/006 ・・{consisting of metals or metal salts}

C04B 37/008 ・{by means of an interlayer consisting of an organic adhesive, e.g. phenol resin or pitch}

C04B 37/02 ・with metallic articles

C04B 37/021 ・・{in a direct manner, e.g. direct copper bonding (DCB)}

C04B 37/023 ・・{characterised by the interlayer used (C04B 37/028 takes precedence)}

C04B 37/025 ・・・{consisting of glass or ceramic material}

C04B 37/026 ・・・{consisting of metals or metal salts}

C04B 37/028 ・・{by means of an interlayer consisting of an organic adhesive, e.g. phenol resin or pitch}

C04B 37/04 ・with articles made from glass

C04B 37/042 ・・{in a direct manner}

C04B 37/045 ・・{characterised by the interlayer used (C04B 37/047 takes precedence)}

C04B 37/047 ・・{by means of an interlayer consisting of an organic adhesive, e.g. phenol resin or pitch}

C04B 38/00 Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof (treating slag with gases or gas generating material C04B 5/06; {expanded graphite C04B 35/536})

C04B 38/0003 ・{containing continuous channels, e.g. of the "dead-end" type or obtained by pushing bars in the green ceramic product (B28B takes precedence)}

C04B 38/0006 ・{Honeycomb structures (from one or more corrugated sheets by winding or stocking C04B 38/0083)}

C04B 38/0009 ・・{characterised by features relating to the cell walls, e.g. wall thickness or distribution of pores in the walls}

C04B 38/0012 ・・{characterised by the material used for sealing or plugging (some of) the channels of the honeycombs}

C04B 38/0016 ・・{assembled from subunits}

C04B 38/0019 ・・・{characterised by the material used for joining separate subunits}{Note: When classifying in group C04B 38/0019, classification is also made in C04B 28/00 or C04B 37/00 to give detailed information about the composition of the joining material}

C04B 38/0022 ・{obtained by a chemical conversion or reaction other than those relating to the setting or hardening of cement-like material or to the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. by carbonising or pyrolysing preformed cellular materials based on polymers, organo-metallic or organo-silicon precursors}

C04B 38/0025 ・・{starting from inorganic materials only, e.g. metal foam; Lanxide type products}

C04B 38/0029 ・・{Porous deposits from the gas phase, e.g. on a temporary support}

C04B 38/0032 ・・{one of the precursor materials being a monolithic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a paper sheet which after carbonisation will react with silicon to form a porous silicon carbide porous body}

C04B 38/0035 ・・{by evaporation induced self-assembly}

C04B 38/0038 ・{by superficial sintering or bonding of particulate matter}

C04B 38/0041 ・・{the particulate matter having preselected particle sizes}

C04B 38/0045 ・{by a process involving the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. sol-gel or precipitation processes}

C04B 38/0048 ・・{Precipitation processes}

C04B 38/0051 ・{characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity}

C04B 38/0054 ・・{the pores being micro-sized or nano-sized}

C04B 38/0058 ・・{open porosity}

C04B 38/0061 ・・{closed porosity}

C04B 38/0064 ・・{Multimodal pore size distribution}

C04B 38/0067 ・{characterised by the density of the end product}

C04B 38/007 ・{characterised by the pore distribution, e.g. inhomogeneous distribution of pores}

C04B 38/0074 ・・{expressed as porosity percentage}

C04B 38/0077 ・・{Materials with a non-porous skin}

C04B 38/008 ・{Bodies obtained by assembling separate elements having such a configuration that the final product is porous or by spirally winding one or more corrugated sheets}

C04B 38/0083 ・・{from one or more corrugated sheets or sheets bearing protrusions by winding or stacking}

C04B 38/0087 ・{by generating pores in the ceramic material while in the molten state}

C04B 38/009 ・{Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. micro-balloons (C04B 18/027, C04B 20/002 take precedence)}

C04B 38/0093 ・{Other features}

C04B 38/0096 ・・{Pores with coated inner walls}

C04B 38/02 ・by adding chemical blowing agents

C04B 38/025 ・・{generated by microorganisms}

C04B 38/04 ・by dissolving-out added substances

C04B 38/045 ・・{the dissolved-out substance being a monolitic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a prepreg obtained by bonding together dissolvable particles (C04B 38/0022 takes precedence)}

C04B 38/06 ・by burning-out added substances {by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances}

C04B 38/0605 ・・{by sublimating}

C04B 38/061 ・・{by melting out}

C04B 38/0615 ・・{the burned-out substance being a monolitic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a porous polyurethane sheet or a prepreg obtained by bonding together resin particles (C04B 38/0022 takes precedence)}

C04B 38/062 ・・・{the burned-out substance being formed in situ, e.g. by polymerisation of a prepolymer composition containing ceramic powder}

C04B 38/0625 ・・・・{involving a foaming step of the burnable material}

C04B 38/063 ・・{Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches}

C04B 38/0635 ・・・{Compounding ingredients (C04B 38/0615 takes precedence)}

C04B 38/064 ・・・・{Natural expanding materials, e.g. clay}

C04B 38/0645 ・・・・{Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials}

C04B 38/065 ・・・・・{characterised by physical aspects, e.g. shape, size or porosity}

C04B 38/0655 ・・・・・・{Porous materials (C04B 38/0625 takes precedence)}

C04B 38/066 ・・・・・{characterised by distribution, e.g. for obtaining inhomogeneous distribution of pores}

C04B 38/0665 ・・・・・{Waste material; Refuse other than vegetable refuse}

C04B 38/067 ・・・・・{Macromolecular compounds (C04B 38/062 takes precedence; polysaccharides C04B 38/0645)}

C04B 38/0675 ・・・・・{Vegetable refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. wood chips, cork, peat, paper}

C04B 38/068 ・・・・・{Carbonaceous materials, e.g. coal, carbon, graphite, hydrocarbons}

C04B 38/0685 ・・・・・{Minerals containing carbon, e.g. oil shale}

C04B 38/069 ・・・・{Other materials, e.g. catalysts (C04B 33/13, C04B 35/00 take precedence)}

C04B 38/0695 ・・{Physical aspects of the porous material obtained}

C04B 38/08 ・by adding porous substances

C04B 38/085 ・・{of micro or nano size}

C04B 38/10 ・by using foaming agents (C04B 38/02 takes precedence){or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam}

C04B 38/103 ・・{the foaming being obtained by the introduction of a gas other than untreated air, e.g. nitrogen}

C04B 38/106 ・・{by adding preformed foams}

C04B 40/00 Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability (active ingredients C04B 22/00 to C04B 24/00; hardening of a well-defined composition C04B 26/00 to C04B 28/00; making porous, cellular or lightening C04B 38/00; mechanical aspects B28, e.g. conditioning the materials prior to shaping B28B 17/02)

C04B 40/0003 ・{making use of electric or wave energy or particle radiation}

C04B 40/0007 ・・{Electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields}

C04B 40/001 ・・{Electromagnetic waves}

C04B 40/0014 ・・・{Microwaves}

C04B 40/0017 ・・・{Irradiation, i.e. gamma -, X -, UV rays}

C04B 40/0021 ・・{Sonic or ultrasonic waves, e.g. to initiate sonochemical reactions}

C04B 40/0025 ・{obtaining colloidal mortar}

C04B 40/0028 ・{Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation}

C04B 40/0032 ・・{Controlling the process of mixing, e.g. adding ingredients in a quantity depending on a measured or desired value (B28C 7/00 takes precedence)}

C04B 40/0035 ・・{Processes characterised by the absence of a mechanical mixing step, e.g. "no-mix" processes}

C04B 40/0039 ・・{Premixtures of ingredients}

C04B 40/0042 ・・・{Powdery mixtures}

C04B 40/0046 ・・・{characterised by their processing, e.g. sequence of mixing the ingredients when preparing the premixtures}

C04B 40/005 ・・{High shear mixing; Obtaining macro-defect free materials}

C04B 40/0053 ・・・{Obtaining macro-defect free materials otherwise than by high shear mixing}

C04B 40/0057 ・・{Energetic mixing (C04B 40/005 takes precedence)}

C04B 40/006 ・・{involving the elimination of excess water from the mixture}

C04B 40/0064 ・・・{Processes of the Magnini or Hatscheck type}

C04B 40/0067 ・{making use of vibrations}

C04B 40/0071 ・{making use of a rise in pressure}

C04B 40/0075 ・{making use of a decrease in temperature}

C04B 40/0078 ・・{by freezing}

C04B 40/0082 ・{making use of a rise in temperature, e.g. caused by an exothermic reaction}

C04B 40/0085 ・・{involving melting of at least part of the composition}

C04B 40/0089 ・{making use of vacuum or reduced pressure}

C04B 40/0092 ・{Temporary binders, mortars or concrete, i.e. materials intended to be destroyed or removed after hardening, e.g. by acid dissolution}

C04B 40/0096 ・{Provisions for indicating condition of the compositions or the final products, e.g. degree of homogeneous mixing, degree of wear}

C04B 40/02 ・Selection of the hardening environment

C04B 40/0204 ・・{making use of electric or wave energy or particle radiation}

C04B 40/0209 ・・・{Electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields}

C04B 40/0213 ・・・{Electromagnetic waves}

C04B 40/0218 ・・・・{Microwaves}

C04B 40/0222 ・・・・{Irradiation, i.e. gamma -, X -, UV rays}

C04B 40/0227 ・・・{Sonic or ultrasonic waves}

C04B 40/0231 ・・{Carbon dioxide hardening}

C04B 40/0236 ・・・{Carbon dioxide post-treatment of already hardened material}

C04B 40/024 ・・{Steam hardening, e.g. in an autoclave}

C04B 40/0245 ・・・{including a pre-curing step not involving a steam or autoclave treatment}

C04B 40/025 ・・{Adiabatic curing or hardening}

C04B 40/0254 ・・{Hardening in an enclosed space, e.g. in a flexible container}

C04B 40/0259 ・・{Hardening promoted by a rise in pressure (C04B 40/024 takes precedence)}

C04B 40/0263 ・・{Hardening promoted by a rise in temperature (C04B 40/024 takes precedence)}

C04B 40/0268 ・・・{Heating up to sintering temperatures (C04B 41/0072 takes precedence)}

C04B 40/0272 ・・{Hardening under vacuum or reduced pressure}

C04B 40/0277 ・・{Hardening promoted by using additional water, e.g. by spraying water on the green concrete element (steam hardening C04B 40/024)}

C04B 40/0281 ・・・{Hardening in an atmosphere of increased relative humidity}

C04B 40/0286 ・・・{Hardening under water}

C04B 40/029 ・・・{using an aqueous solution or dispersion}

C04B 40/0295 ・・{Inhomogeneous curing or hardening, e.g. accelerated curing of surface regions of a concrete article; Influencing the setting or hardening process ot generate physical or mechanical effects, e.g. to create cracks}

C04B 40/04 ・Preventing evaporation of the mixing water (permanent coverings C04B 41/00)

C04B 40/06 ・Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers; {Inhibiting the action of active ingredients}

C04B 40/0608 ・・{Dry ready-made mixtures, e.g. mortars at which only water or a water solution has to be added before use}

C04B 40/0616 ・・・{preformed, e.g. bandages}

C04B 40/0625 ・・{Wet ready-made mixtures, e.g. mortars in water- or airtight packages, or mortars containing an accelerator in a breakable emulsion}

C04B 40/0633 ・・{Chemical separation of ingredients, e.g. slowly soluble activator}

C04B 40/0641 ・・{Mechanical separation of ingredients, e.g. accelerator in breakable microcapsules}

C04B 40/065 ・・・{Two or more component mortars}

C04B 40/0658 ・・{Retarder inhibited mortars activated by the addition of accelerators or retarder-neutralising agents}

C04B 40/0666 ・・{Chemical plugs based on hydraulic hardening materials}

C04B 40/0675 ・・{Mortars activated by rain, percolating or sucked-up water; Self-healing mortars or concrete}

C04B 40/0683 ・・{inhibiting by freezing or cooling}

C04B 40/0691 ・・{Thermally activated mortars, e.g. by melting ingredients}

C04B 41/00 After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone (conditioning of the materials prior to shaping C04B 40/00; applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general B05; grinding or polishing B24; apparatus or processes for treating or working shaped articles of clay or other ceramic compositions, slag or mixtures containing cementitious material B28B 11/00; working stone or stone-like materials B28D; glazes, other than cold glazes, C03C 8/00; etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions C09K 13/00)

C04B 41/0009 ・{Demolition agents based on cementitous or like materials}

C04B 41/0018 ・{Coating or impregnating "in situ", e.g. impregnating of artificial stone by subsequent melting of a compound added to the artificial stone composition}

C04B 41/0027 ・{Ion-implantation, ion-irradiation or ion-injection}

C04B 41/0036 ・{Laser treatment (working by laser beam B23K 26/00)}

C04B 41/0045 ・{Irradiation; Radiation, e.g. with UV or IR (C04B 41/0036 takes precedence)}

C04B 41/0054 ・{Plasma-treatment, e.g. with gas-discharge plasma}

C04B 41/0063 ・{Cooling, e.g. freezing}

C04B 41/0072 ・{Heat treatment}

C04B 41/0081 ・・{characterised by the subsequent cooling step}

C04B 41/009 ・{characterised by the material treated}

C04B 41/45 ・Coating or impregnating (paints C09D), {e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements (ion-implantation C04B 41/0027)}

C04B 41/4501 ・・{with preformed sheet-like elements}

C04B 41/4503 ・・・{having an adhesive layer}

C04B 41/4505 ・・{characterised by the method of application}

C04B 41/4507 ・・・{using keying elements, e.g. particulate material, to facilitate the adherence of coating layers}

C04B 41/4509 ・・・・{The keying element being generated from identations made in the substrate}

C04B 41/4511 ・・・{using temporarily supports, e.g. decalcomania transfers or mould surfaces}

C04B 41/4513 ・・・・{the temporary support- and coating material being mixed together, e.g. tile glazing paper sheets}

C04B 41/4515 ・・・{application under vacuum or reduced pressure}

C04B 41/4517 ・・・{application under inert, e.g. non-oxidising, atmosphere}

C04B 41/4519 ・・・{application under an other specific atmosphere}

C04B 41/4521 ・・・{application under increased pressure}

C04B 41/4523 ・・・{applied from the molten state (vitreous materials C04B 41/5022); Thermal spraying, e.g. plasma spraying}

C04B 41/4525 ・・・・{using a molten bath as vehicle, e.g. molten borax}

C04B 41/4527 ・・・・{Plasma spraying (deposition from the gas phase using plasma C04B 41/4533)}

C04B 41/4529 ・・・{applied from the gas phase}

C04B 41/4531 ・・・・{by C.V.D.}

C04B 41/4533 ・・・・{plasma assisted}

C04B 41/4535 ・・・{applied as a solution, emulsion, dispersion or suspension}

C04B 41/4537 ・・・・{by the sol-gel process}

C04B 41/4539 ・・・・{as a emulsion, dispersion or suspension}

C04B 41/4541 ・・・・{Electroless plating}

C04B 41/4543 ・・・・{by spraying, e.g. by atomising}

C04B 41/4545 ・・・{applied as a powdery material}

C04B 41/4547 ・・・・{characterised by the grain distribution}

C04B 41/4549 ・・・・・{Nanometer-sized particles}

C04B 41/455 ・・・{the coating or impregnating process including a chemical conversion or reaction}

C04B 41/4552 ・・・・{the end product being obtained by a multistep reaction or conversion}

C04B 41/4554 ・・・・{the coating or impregnating material being an organic or organo-metallic precursor of an inorganic material}

C04B 41/4556 ・・・・{coating or impregnating with a product reacting with the substrate, e.g. generating a metal coating by surface reduction of a ceramic substrate}

C04B 41/4558 ・・・・{Coating or impregnating involving the chemical conversion of an already applied layer, e.g. obtaining an oxide layer by oxidising an applied metal layer}

C04B 41/456 ・・・・・{the conversion only taking place under certain conditions, e.g. avoiding damage of underlaying layers or parts of the substrate}

C04B 41/4562 ・・・{Photographic methods, e.g. making use of photo-sensitive materials}

C04B 41/4564 ・・・{Electrolytic or electrophoretic processes, e.g. electrochemical re-alkalisation of reinforced concrete (desalination C04B 41/53)}

C04B 41/4566 ・・・・{Electrochemical re-alcalisation (electrochemical desalination C04B 41/5369; cathodic protection C23F 13/02)}

C04B 41/4568 ・・・{Electrostatic processes}

C04B 41/457 ・・{Non-superficial impregnation or infiltration of the substrate}

C04B 41/4572 ・・{Partial coating or impregnation of the surface of the substrate}

C04B 41/4574 ・・・{Coating different parts of the substrate with different materials}

C04B 41/4576 ・・・{Inlaid coatings, i.e. resulting in a plane surface}

C04B 41/4578 ・・{Coating or impregnating of green ceramics or unset concrete}

C04B 41/458 ・・・{involving a mixing step with the top layer of the substrate}

C04B 41/4582 ・・{Porous coatings, e.g. coating containing porous fillers}

C04B 41/4584 ・・{Coating or impregnating of particulate or fibrous ceramic material (C04B 20/10, C04B 35/628 take precedence)}

C04B 41/4586 ・・{Non-chemical aspects relating to the substrate being coated or impregnated}

C04B 41/4588 ・・・{Superficial melting of the substrate before or during the coating or impregnating step}

C04B 41/459 ・・{Temporary coatings or impregnations (C04B 40/04 takes precedence)}

C04B 41/4592 ・・・{for masking purposes}

C04B 41/4594 ・・・・{in metallisation processes}

C04B 41/4596 ・・{with fibrous materials or whiskers}

C04B 41/4598 ・・{with waste materials}

C04B 41/46 ・・with organic materials

C04B 41/463 ・・・{Organic solvents}

C04B 41/466 ・・・{Halogenated compounds, e.g. perfluor-compounds}

C04B 41/47 ・・・Oils, fats or waxes {natural resins}

C04B 41/472 ・・・・{Oils, e.g. linseed oil}

C04B 41/474 ・・・・{Natural resins, e.g. rosin}

C04B 41/476 ・・・・・{Cellulosic waste liquor, e.g. sulfite lye}

C04B 41/478 ・・・・{Bitumen, asphalt, e.g. paraffin}

C04B 41/48 ・・・Macromolecular compounds

C04B 41/4803 ・・・・{Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, or derivatives thereof}

C04B 41/4807 ・・・・{Proteins or derivatives thereof}

C04B 41/4811 ・・・・{Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones}

C04B 41/4815 ・・・・・{Melamine-formaldehyde condensation products}

C04B 41/4819 ・・・・・{Urea-formaldehyde condensation products}

C04B 41/4823 ・・・・{Phenol-formaldehyde condensation products}

C04B 41/4826 ・・・・{Polyesters}

C04B 41/483 ・・・・{Polyacrylates}

C04B 41/4834 ・・・・・{Polyacrylamides}

C04B 41/4838 ・・・・{Halogenated polymers}

C04B 41/4842 ・・・・・{Fluorine-containing polymers}

C04B 41/4846 ・・・・・・{Perfluoro-compounds}

C04B 41/4849 ・・・・{Sulfur-containing polymers}

C04B 41/4853 ・・・・{Epoxides}

C04B 41/4857 ・・・・{Other macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds}

C04B 41/4861 ・・・・・{Polyalkenes}

C04B 41/4865 ・・・・・{Coumarone polymers}

C04B 41/4869 ・・・・・{Polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylacetates}

C04B 41/4873 ・・・・・{Polyvinylacetals}

C04B 41/4876 ・・・・・{Polystyrene}

C04B 41/488 ・・・・{Other macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds}

C04B 41/4884 ・・・・・{Polyurethanes; Polyisocyanates}

C04B 41/4888 ・・・・・{Polycarbonates}

C04B 41/4892 ・・・・・{Polyamides}

C04B 41/4896 ・・・・・{Polyethers}

C04B 41/49 ・・・Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages{Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters (to obtain SiO2 C04B 41/5089, C04B 41/5035); Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes}

C04B 41/4905 ・・・・{containing silicon}

C04B 41/4911 ・・・・・{Organo-clay compounds}

C04B 41/4916 ・・・・・{applied to the substrate as a solventless liquid}

C04B 41/4922 ・・・・・{applied to the substrate as monomers, i.e. as organosilanes RnSiX4-n, e.g. alkyltrialkoxysilane, dialkyldialkoxysilane}

C04B 41/4927 ・・・・・・{Alkali metal or ammonium salts}

C04B 41/4933 ・・・・・・{containing halogens, i.e. organohalogen silanes}

C04B 41/4938 ・・・・・・{containing silicon bound to hydroxy groups, e.g. trimethyl silanol}

C04B 41/4944 ・・・・・・{containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, silicon, alkali metals or halogens, e.g. N-silyldisilazane: Image }

C04B 41/495 ・・・・・{applied to the substrate as oligomers or polymers}

C04B 41/4955 ・・・・・・{Polyorganosilanes, i.e. polymers with a Si-Si-Si- chain}

C04B 41/4961 ・・・・・・{Polyorganosiloxanes, i.e. polymers with a Si-O-Si-O-chain; "silicones"}

C04B 41/4966 ・・・・・・・{containing silicon bound to hydroxy groups, i.e. OH-blocked polysiloxanes}

C04B 41/4972 ・・・・・・・{Alkali metal or ammonium salts}

C04B 41/4977 ・・・・・・{characterised by the number of silicon atoms}

C04B 41/4983 ・・・・・・{Polycarbosilanes, i.e. polymers with a -Si-C-Si-chain; Polysilazanes, i.e. polymers with a -Si-N-Si-chain; Polysilathianes, i.e. polymers with a -Si-S-Si-chain}

C04B 41/4988 ・・・・・{Organosilicium-organic copolymers, e.g. olefins with terminal silane groups}

C04B 41/4994 ・・・・{Organo-phosphorus compounds}

C04B 41/50 ・・with inorganic materials

C04B 41/5001 ・・・{with carbon or carbonisable materials}

C04B 41/5002 ・・・・{Diamond}

C04B 41/5003 ・・・・{Fullerenes or derivatives thereof}

C04B 41/5005 ・・・・{Carbon fluorides; Halogen containing carbon or graphite intercallation products}

C04B 41/5006 ・・・{Boron compounds}

C04B 41/5007 ・・・{with salts or salty compositions, e.g. for salt glazing (C04B 41/5006 takes precedence)}

C04B 41/5009 ・・・・{containing nitrogen in the anion, e.g. nitrites}

C04B 41/501 ・・・・{containing carbon in the anion, e.g. carbonates}

C04B 41/5011 ・・・・{containing halogen in the anion}

C04B 41/5012 ・・・・・{chlorides}

C04B 41/5014 ・・・・{containing sulfur in the anion, e.g. sulfides}

C04B 41/5015 ・・・・{containing phosphorus in the anion, e.g. phosphates}

C04B 41/5016 ・・・{Acids}

C04B 41/5018 ・・・{with fluorine compounds}

C04B 41/5019 ・・・・{applied from the gas phase, e.g. ocratation}

C04B 41/502 ・・・{Water}

C04B 41/5022 ・・・{with vitreous materials (composition of vitreous glazes and enamels C03C; ceramic pigments C09C 1/0009)}

C04B 41/5023 ・・・・{Glass-ceramics (compositions of glass-ceramics C03C 10/00)}

C04B 41/5024 ・・・{Silicates (C04B 41/5022 takes precedence; silico-fluorides C04B 41/5018)}

C04B 41/5025 ・・・{with ceramic materials (copper oxide or solid solutions thereof C04B 41/5074)}

C04B 41/5027 ・・・・{Oxide ceramics in general; Specific oxide ceramics not covered by C04B 41/5029 to C04B 41/5051}

C04B 41/5028 ・・・・・{Manganates}

C04B 41/5029 ・・・・{Magnesia}

C04B 41/5031 ・・・・{Alumina}

C04B 41/5032 ・・・・・{Aluminates (aluminate spinels C04B 41/5046)}

C04B 41/5033 ・・・・{Chromium oxide}

C04B 41/5035 ・・・・{Silica}

C04B 41/5036 ・・・・{Ferrites}

C04B 41/5037 ・・・・{Clay, Kaolin}

C04B 41/5038 ・・・・・{Porcelain}

C04B 41/504 ・・・・・{Engobes}

C04B 41/5041 ・・・・{Titanium oxide or titanates}

C04B 41/5042 ・・・・{Zirconium oxides or zirconates; Hafnium oxides or hafnates}

C04B 41/5044 ・・・・・{Hafnates}

C04B 41/5045 ・・・・{Rare-earth oxides}

C04B 41/5046 ・・・・{Spinels, e.g. magnesium aluminate spinels}

C04B 41/5048 ・・・・{Phosphates}

C04B 41/5049 ・・・・{Zinc or bismuth oxides}

C04B 41/505 ・・・・{Tin oxide}

C04B 41/5051 ・・・・{Niobium oxides or niobates}

C04B 41/5053 ・・・{non-oxide ceramics (carbon or carbonisable materials C04B 41/5001)}

C04B 41/5054 ・・・・{Sulfides or selenides}

C04B 41/5055 ・・・・{Fluorides}

C04B 41/5057 ・・・・{Carbides}

C04B 41/5058 ・・・・・{Boron carbide}

C04B 41/5059 ・・・・・{Silicon carbide}

C04B 41/5061 ・・・・・{Titanium carbide}

C04B 41/5062 ・・・・{Borides, Nitrides or Silicides}

C04B 41/5063 ・・・・・{Aluminium nitride}

C04B 41/5064 ・・・・・{Boron nitride}

C04B 41/5066 ・・・・・{Silicon nitride}

C04B 41/5067 ・・・・・{Silicon oxynitrides, e.g. SIALON}

C04B 41/5068 ・・・・・{Titanium nitride}

C04B 41/507 ・・・・・{Borides}

C04B 41/5071 ・・・・・{Silicides}

C04B 41/5072 ・・・{with oxides or hydroxides not covered by C04B 41/5025(C04B 40/0236 takes precedence; boron oxide C04B 41/5006)}

C04B 41/5074 ・・・・{Copper oxide or solid solutions thereof (CuO-Cu eutectic C04B 41/5127)}

C04B 41/5075 ・・・・・{Copper oxide}

C04B 41/5076 ・・・{with masses bonded by inorganic cements (sulfur compositions C04B 41/5097)}

C04B 41/5077 ・・・・{Geopolymer cements}

C04B 41/5079 ・・・・{Portland cements}

C04B 41/508 ・・・・{Aluminous cements}

C04B 41/5081 ・・・・・{Calcium alumino sulfate cements}

C04B 41/5083 ・・・・{Slag cements}

C04B 41/5084 ・・・・{Lime, hydraulic lime or magnesium oxide cements}

C04B 41/5085 ・・・・{Calcium sulfate cements}

C04B 41/5087 ・・・・・{Anhydrite}

C04B 41/5088 ・・・・{Cementitious compositions of the silica-lime type}

C04B 41/5089 ・・・・{Silica sols, alkyl, ammonium or alkali metal silicate cements}

C04B 41/509 ・・・・{Magnesium cements, e.g. Sorel cement}

C04B 41/5092 ・・・・{Phosphate cements}

C04B 41/5093 ・・・{with elements other than metals or carbon (treatment with fluorine gas C04B 41/5019)}

C04B 41/5094 ・・・・{Boron}

C04B 41/5096 ・・・・{Silicon (C04B 35/573 takes precedence)}

C04B 41/5097 ・・・・{Sulfur}

C04B 41/5098 ・・・{Cermets}

C04B 41/51 ・・・Metallising, {e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal (covering materials with metals in general C23C; ceramic compositions containing free metal bonded to carbides, diamond, oxides, borides, nitrides, silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides or sulfides, other than as macroscopic reinforcing agents C22C; infiltration of preforms containing free metal, e.g. cermets C22C)}

C04B 41/5105 ・・・・{with a composition mainly composed of one or more of the noble metals or copper}

C04B 41/5111 ・・・・{Ag, Au, Pd, Pt or Cu}

C04B 41/5116 ・・・・{Ag or Au}

C04B 41/5122 ・・・・{Pd or Pt}

C04B 41/5127 ・・・・{Cu, e.g. Cu-CuO eutectic}

C04B 41/5133 ・・・・{with a composition mainly composed of one or more of the refractory metals}

C04B 41/5138 ・・・・{with a composition mainly composed of Mn and Mo, e.g. for the Moly-manganese method}

C04B 41/5144 ・・・・{with a composition mainly composed of one or more of the metals of the iron group}

C04B 41/515 ・・・・{Other specific metals}

C04B 41/5155 ・・・・・{Aluminium}

C04B 41/5161 ・・・・・{Tin}

C04B 41/5166 ・・・・・{Lead}

C04B 41/5172 ・・・・・{Cadmium}

C04B 41/5177 ・・・・{characterised by the non-metallic part of the metallising composition}

C04B 41/5183 ・・・・{inorganic}

C04B 41/5188 ・・・・{organic}

C04B 41/5194 ・・・・{Metallisation of multilayered ceramics, e.g. for the fabrication of multilayer ceramic capacitors}

C04B 41/52 ・・Multiple coating or impregnating {multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation}

C04B 41/522 ・・・{Multiple coatings, for one of the coatings of which at least one alternative is described}

C04B 41/524 ・・・{Multiple coatings, comprising a coating layer of the same material as a previous coating layer}

C04B 41/526 ・・・{Multiple coating or impregnation with materials having the same composition but different characteristics}

C04B 41/528 ・・・{Applying layers containing opposite charged particles or materials in the successive layers}

C04B 41/53 ・involving the removal of at least part of the materials of the treated article, {e.g. etching, drying of hardened concrete (C04B 41/0036 to C04B 41/0054 take precedence)}

C04B 41/5307 ・・{Removal of physically bonded water, e.g. drying of hardened concrete (E04B 1/7007 takes precedence)}

C04B 41/5315 ・・{Cleaning compositions, e.g. for removing hardened cement from ceramic tiles}

C04B 41/5323 ・・{to make grain visible, e.g. for obtaining exposed aggregate concrete}

C04B 41/533 ・・・{Seeding methods, i.e. the exposed aggregates, at least partially, not making part of the starting mixture}

C04B 41/5338 ・・{Etching (for obtaining decorative effects B44C 1/22; etching of specific electronic compounds, see the relevant places, e.g. etching of semiconductor bodies H01L 21/306)}

C04B 41/5346 ・・・{Dry etching}

C04B 41/5353 ・・・{Wet etching, e.g. with etchants dissolved in organic solvents}

C04B 41/5361 ・・・{Etching with molten material}

C04B 41/5369 ・・{Desalination, e.g. of reinforced concrete}

C04B 41/5376 ・・・{Electrochemical desalination (electrochemical re-alkalisation C04B 41/4566; drying by electro-osmosis E04B 1/7007)}

C04B 41/5384 ・・{by electrochemical methods (electrochemical desalination C04B 41/5376)}

C04B 41/5392 ・・{by burning (C04B 38/06 takes precedence)}

C04B 41/60 ・of only artificial stone

C04B 41/61 ・・Coating or impregnation

C04B 41/62 ・・・with organic materials

C04B 41/63 ・・・・Macromolecular compounds

C04B 41/64 ・・・・Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal of carbon-to-silicon linkages

C04B 41/65 ・・・with inorganic materials

C04B 41/66 ・・・・Fluorides, e.g. ocratation

C04B 41/67 ・・・・Phosphates

C04B 41/68 ・・・・Silicic acid; Silicates

C04B 41/69 ・・・・Metals

C04B 41/70 ・・・for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having diffferent compositions

C04B 41/71 ・・・・at least one coating being an organic material

C04B 41/72 ・・involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated articles, e.g. etching

C04B 41/80 ・of only ceramics

C04B 41/81 ・・Coating or impregnation

C04B 41/82 ・・・with organic materials

C04B 41/83 ・・・・Macromolecular compounds

C04B 41/84 ・・・・Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal of carbon-to-silicon linkages

C04B 41/85 ・・・with inorganic materials

C04B 41/86 ・・・・Glazes; Cold glazes

C04B 41/87 ・・・・Ceramics

C04B 41/88 ・・・・Metals

C04B 41/89 ・・・for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having diffferent compositions

C04B 41/90 ・・・・at least one coating being a metal

C04B 41/91 ・・involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated articles, e.g. etching

C04B 2103/00 Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone

C04B 2103/0001 ・Living organisms, e.g. micro-organisms, or enzymes

C04B 2103/0002 ・・Seeds

C04B 2103/0003 ・Unintentionally added compounds, such as impurities in raw materials, e.g. alkali sulfates in construction grade cement

C04B 2103/0004 ・Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations

C04B 2103/0005 ・・Organic ammonium compounds

C04B 2103/0006 ・・Alkali metal or inorganic ammonium compounds

C04B 2103/0007 ・・・K

C04B 2103/0008 ・・・Li

C04B 2103/0009 ・・・Inorganic ammonium compounds

C04B 2103/001 ・・Alkaline earth metal or Mg-compounds

C04B 2103/0011 ・・・Ba

C04B 2103/0012 ・・・Mg

C04B 2103/0013 ・・Iron group metal compounds

C04B 2103/0014 ・・・Fe

C04B 2103/0015 ・・Noble metal or copper compounds

C04B 2103/0016 ・・・Cu

C04B 2103/0017 ・・Refractory metal compounds

C04B 2103/0018 ・・・Cr

C04B 2103/0019 ・・・Ti

C04B 2103/002 ・・Compounds of elements having a valency of 2

C04B 2103/0021 ・・Compounds of elements having a valency of 3

C04B 2103/0022 ・・Compounds of elements having a valency of 4

C04B 2103/0023 ・・Compounds of elements having a valency of 5

C04B 2103/0024 ・・Compounds of elements having a valency of 6

C04B 2103/0025 ・・Compounds of the transition metals

C04B 2103/0026 ・Compounds of unusual isotopes, e.g. heavy water

C04B 2103/0027 ・Standardised cement types

C04B 2103/0028 ・・according to API

C04B 2103/0029 ・・・Type A

C04B 2103/003 ・・・Type B

C04B 2103/0031 ・・・Type C

C04B 2103/0032 ・・・Type D

C04B 2103/0033 ・・・Type E

C04B 2103/0034 ・・・Type F

C04B 2103/0035 ・・・Type G

C04B 2103/0036 ・・・Type H

C04B 2103/0037 ・・・Type J

C04B 2103/0038 ・・・Type K

C04B 2103/0039 ・・according to ASTM

C04B 2103/004 ・・according to DIN

C04B 2103/0041 ・Non-polymeric ingredients chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics

C04B 2103/0042 ・・Amorphous materials

C04B 2103/0043 ・・Compounds chosen for their specific Moh`s hardness

C04B 2103/0044 ・・Compounds chosen for their abrasion resistance, e.g. determined according to the L.A. test

C04B 2103/0045 ・Polymers chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics

C04B 2103/0046 ・・added as monomers or as oligomers

C04B 2103/0047 ・・・as a mixture of nonomers and prepolymers or oligomers

C04B 2103/0048 ・・・as oligomers

C04B 2103/0049 ・・Water-swellable polymers

C04B 2103/005 ・・・Alkali-swellable polymers

C04B 2103/0051 ・・Water-absorbing polymers, hydrophilic polymers

C04B 2103/0052 ・・Hydrophobic polymers

C04B 2103/0053 ・・Water-soluble polymers

C04B 2103/0054 ・・Water dispersible polymers

C04B 2103/0055 ・・Water-insoluble polymers

C04B 2103/0056 ・・Thermohardening polymers

C04B 2103/0057 ・・added as redispersable powders

C04B 2103/0058 ・・Core-shell polymers

C04B 2103/0059 ・・Graft (co-)polymers

C04B 2103/006 ・・・Comb polymers

C04B 2103/0061 ・・Block (co-)polymers

C04B 2103/0062 ・・Cross-linked polymers

C04B 2103/0063 ・・obtained by an unusual polymerisation process, e.g. by changing the molar ratio of the different monomers during the polymerisation process (C04B 2103/0058 to C04B 2103/0061 take precedence)

C04B 2103/0064 ・・Polymers unstable in the presence of hydraulic binders, e.g. polymers flocculating in concrete mixtures

C04B 2103/0065 ・・Polymers characterised by their glass transition temperature (Tg)

C04B 2103/0066 ・・Film forming polymers

C04B 2103/0067 ・the ingredients being formed in situ by chemical reactions or conversion of one or more of the compounds of the composition

C04B 2103/0068 ・Ingredients with a function or property not provided for elsewhere in C04B 2103/00

C04B 2103/0069 ・・the ingredients being characterised by their physical state

C04B 2103/007 ・・・Supercritical fluids

C04B 2103/0071 ・・Phase-change materials, e.g. latent heat storage materials used in concrete compositions

C04B 2103/0072 ・・Biodegradable materials

C04B 2103/0073 ・・Self-degrading materials, e.g. materials undergoing a hydrolytic degradation in the course of time

C04B 2103/0074 ・・Anti-static agents

C04B 2103/0075 ・・Anti-dusting agents

C04B 2103/0076 ・・Deodorizing agents

C04B 2103/0077 ・・Packaging material remaining in the mixture after the mixing step, e.g. soluble bags containing active ingredients

C04B 2103/0078 ・・Sorbent materials

C04B 2103/0079 ・・Rheology influencing agents

C04B 2103/008 ・・Flocking or deflocking agents

C04B 2103/0081 ・・・Deflocking agents

C04B 2103/0082 ・・Segregation-preventing agents; Sedimentation-preventing agents

C04B 2103/0083 ・・・Bleeding-preventing agents

C04B 2103/0084 ・・Polyelectrolytes

C04B 2103/0085 ・・Thixotropic agents

C04B 2103/0086 ・・Chelating or complexing agents

C04B 2103/0087 ・・Ion-exchanging agents

C04B 2103/0088 ・・Compounds chosen for their latent hydraulic characteristics, e.g. pozzuolanes

C04B 2103/0089 ・・Agents for reducing heat of hydration

C04B 2103/009 ・・Anhydrous vehicles for hydraulic cement compositions

C04B 2103/0091 ・・Organic co-binders for mineral binder compositions

C04B 2103/0092 ・・・for improving green strength

C04B 2103/0093 ・・Organic cosolvents

C04B 2103/0094 ・・Agents for altering or buffering the pH; Ingredients characterised by their pH

C04B 2103/0095 ・・Oxidising agents

C04B 2103/0096 ・・Reducing agents

C04B 2103/0097 ・・Anion- and far-infrared-emitting materials

C04B 2103/0098 ・・Radioactive materials

C04B 2103/0099 ・Aspecific ingredients, i.e. high number of alternative specific compounds mentioned for the same function or property

C04B 2103/10 ・Accelerators; Activators

C04B 2103/105 ・・for reactions involving organo-silicon compounds

C04B 2103/12 ・・Set accelerators

C04B 2103/14 ・・Hardening accelerators

C04B 2103/20 ・Retarders

C04B 2103/22 ・・Set retarders

C04B 2103/24 ・・Hardening retarders

C04B 2103/30 ・Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers

C04B 2103/302 ・・Water reducers

C04B 2103/304 ・・Air-entrainers

C04B 2103/306 ・・Fluidisers with reduced air-entraning effect

C04B 2103/308 ・・Slump-loss preventing agents

C04B 2103/32 ・・Superplasticisers

C04B 2103/34 ・・Flow improvers

C04B 2103/40 ・Surface-active agents, dispersants

C04B 2103/402 ・・anionic

C04B 2103/404 ・・cationic

C04B 2103/406 ・・non-ionic

C04B 2103/408 ・・Dispersants

C04B 2103/42 ・Pore formers

C04B 2103/44 ・Thickening, gelling or viscosity increasing agents

C04B 2103/445 ・・Gelling agents

C04B 2103/46 ・Water-loss or fluid-loss reducers, hygroscopic or hydrophilic agents, water retention agents

C04B 2103/465 ・・Water-sorbing agents, hygroscopic or hydrophilic agents

C04B 2103/48 ・Foam stabilisers

C04B 2103/50 ・Defoamers, air detrainers

C04B 2103/52 ・Grinding aids; Additives added during grinding

C04B 2103/54 ・Pigments; Dyes

C04B 2103/56 ・Opacifiers

C04B 2103/58 ・・Shrinkage reducing agents

C04B 2103/60 ・Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack

C04B 2103/601 ・・Agents for increasing frost resistance

C04B 2103/603 ・・Agents for controlling alkali-aggregate reactions

C04B 2103/605 ・・UV-stabilising agents

C04B 2103/606 ・・Agents for neutralising Ca(OH)2 liberated during cement hardening

C04B 2103/608 ・・Anti-oxidants

C04B 2103/61 ・・Corrosion inhibitors

C04B 2103/63 ・・Flame-proofing agents

C04B 2103/65 ・・Waterproofers or -repellents

C04B 2103/67 ・・Biocides

C04B 2103/69 ・・・Fungicides

C04B 2111/00 Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use

C04B 2111/00008 ・Obtaining or using nano-technology related materials

C04B 2111/00017 ・Aspects relating to the protection of the environment

C04B 2111/00025 ・Aspects relating to the protection of the health, e.g. materials containing special additives to afford skin protection (avoiding chromium eczema by using chromium

C04B 2111/00034 ・Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures

C04B 2111/00043 ・・Anhydrous mixtures

C04B 2111/00051 ・・Mortar or concrete mixtures with an unusual low cement content, e.g. for foundations

C04B 2111/0006 ・・・for obtaining materials with the consistency of soil

C04B 2111/00068 ・・Mortar or concrete mixtures with an unusual water/cement ratio

C04B 2111/00077 ・・Partially hardened mortar or concrete mixtures

C04B 2111/00086 ・・Mixtures with prolonged pot-life

C04B 2111/00094 ・・Sag-resistant materials

C04B 2111/00103 ・・Self-compacting mixtures

C04B 2111/00112 ・・Mixtures characterised by specific pH values

C04B 2111/0012 ・・Thixotropic mixtures

C04B 2111/00129 ・・Extrudable mixtures

C04B 2111/00137 ・・Injection moldable mixtures

C04B 2111/00146 ・・Sprayable or pumpable mixtures

C04B 2111/00155 ・・・Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite

C04B 2111/00163 ・・・・by the dry process

C04B 2111/00172 ・・・・by the wet process

C04B 2111/00181 ・・Mixtures specially adapted for three-dimensional printing (3DP), stereo-lithography or prototyping

C04B 2111/00189 ・・Compositions or ingredients of the compositions characterised by analysis-spectra, e.g. NMR

C04B 2111/00198 ・・Characterisation or quantities of the compositions or their ingredients expressed as mathematical formulae or equations

C04B 2111/00206 ・・Compositions defined by their elemental analysis

C04B 2111/00215 ・・Mortar or concrete mixtures defined by their oxide composition

C04B 2111/00224 ・・Green materials, e.g. porous green ceramic preforms

C04B 2111/00232 ・・Temporary foams

C04B 2111/00241 ・Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B 2111/00

C04B 2111/0025 ・・Compositions or ingredients of the compositions characterised by the crystal structure

C04B 2111/00258 ・・Electromagnetic wave absorbing or shielding materials

C04B 2111/00267 ・・Materials permeable to vapours or gases

C04B 2111/00275 ・・Materials impermeable to vapours or gases

C04B 2111/00284 ・・Materials permeable to liquids

C04B 2111/00293 ・・Materials impermeable to liquids

C04B 2111/00301 ・・Non-porous materials, e.g. macro-defect free (MDF) products

C04B 2111/0031 ・・Heavy materials, e.g. concrete used as ballast material

C04B 2111/00318 ・・Materials characterised by relatively small dimensions, e.g. small thickness

C04B 2111/00327 ・・・for obtaining micro-structures

C04B 2111/00336 ・・Materials with a smooth surface, e.g. obtained by using glass-surfaced moulds

C04B 2111/00344 ・・Materials with friction-reduced moving parts, e.g. ceramics lubricated by impregnation with carbon

C04B 2111/00353 ・・・Sliding parts

C04B 2111/00362 ・・Friction materials, e.g. used as brake linings, anti-skid materials

C04B 2111/0037 ・・Materials containing oriented fillers or elements

C04B 2111/00379 ・・・the oriented elements being fibres

C04B 2111/00387 ・・Anisotropic materials

C04B 2111/00396 ・・・only the surface part being anisotropic

C04B 2111/00405 ・・Materials with a gradually increasing or decreasing concentration of ingredients or property from one layer to another

C04B 2111/00413 ・・Materials having an inhomogeneous concentration of ingredients or irregular properties in different layers

C04B 2111/00422 ・・Magnetic properties

C04B 2111/00431 ・Refractory materials

C04B 2111/00439 ・Physico-chemical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B 2111/00

C04B 2111/00448 ・・Low heat cements

C04B 2111/00456 ・・Odorless cements

C04B 2111/00465 ・・Heat conducting materials

C04B 2111/00474 ・Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B 2111/00

C04B 2111/00482 ・・Coating or impregnation materials

C04B 2111/00491 ・・・Primers

C04B 2111/005 ・・・for frescos

C04B 2111/00508 ・・・Cement paints

C04B 2111/00517 ・・・for masonry

C04B 2111/00525 ・・・for metallic surfaces

C04B 2111/00534 ・・・for plastic surfaces, e.g. polyurethane foams

C04B 2111/00543 ・・・for wet surfaces

C04B 2111/00551 ・・・Refractory coatings, e.g. for tamping

C04B 2111/0056 ・・・for ship decks

C04B 2111/00568 ・・・Multiple coating with same or similar material

C04B 2111/00577 ・・・applied by spraying (mixtures shapable by spraying C04B 2111/00155)

C04B 2111/00586 ・・Roofing materials

C04B 2111/00594 ・・・Concrete roof tiles

C04B 2111/00603 ・・Ceiling materials

C04B 2111/00612 ・・as one or more layers of a layered structure

C04B 2111/0062 ・・・Gypsum-paper board like materials

C04B 2111/00629 ・・・・the covering sheets being made of material other than paper

C04B 2111/00637 ・・as glue or binder for uniting building or structural materials

C04B 2111/00646 ・・・Masonry mortars

C04B 2111/00655 ・・Profiles

C04B 2111/00663 ・・as filling material for cavities or the like

C04B 2111/00672 ・・・Pointing or jointing materials

C04B 2111/00681 ・・・・of the drying type

C04B 2111/00689 ・・・・of the setting type

C04B 2111/00698 ・・・for cavity walls

C04B 2111/00706 ・・・around pipelines or the like

C04B 2111/00715 ・・for fixing bolts or the like

C04B 2111/00724 ・・in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries

C04B 2111/00732 ・・for soil stabilisation

C04B 2111/00741 ・・・Preventing erosion

C04B 2111/0075 ・・for road construction

C04B 2111/00758 ・・for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications

C04B 2111/00767 ・・for waste stabilisation purposes

C04B 2111/00775 ・・・the composition being used as waste barriers or the like, e.g. compositions used for waste disposal purposes only, but not containing the waste itself

C04B 2111/00784 ・・・for disposal only

C04B 2111/00793 ・・as filters or diaphragms

C04B 2111/00801 ・・・Membranes; Diaphragms

C04B 2111/0081 ・・as catalysts or catalyst carriers

C04B 2111/00818 ・・・Enzyme carriers

C04B 2111/00827 ・・・Photocatalysts; (Materials containing photocatalysts to avoid staining by air pollutants C04B 2111/2061)

C04B 2111/00836 ・・for medical or dental applications

C04B 2111/00844 ・・for electronic applications

C04B 2111/00853 ・・in electrochemical cells or batteries, e.g. fuel cells

C04B 2111/00862 ・・for nuclear applications, e.g. ray-absorbing concrete

C04B 2111/0087 ・・for metallurgical applications

C04B 2111/00879 ・・・Non-ferrous metallurgy

C04B 2111/00887 ・・・Ferrous metallurgy

C04B 2111/00896 ・・as prepregs

C04B 2111/00905 ・・as preforms

C04B 2111/00913 ・・・as ceramic preforms for the fabrication of metal matrix comp, e.g. cermets

C04B 2111/00922 ・・・・Preforms as such

C04B 2111/00931 ・・・・Coated or infiltrated preforms, e.g. with molten metal

C04B 2111/00939 ・・for the fabrication of moulds or cores

C04B 2111/00948 ・・for the fabrication of containers

C04B 2111/00956 ・・for making sculptures or artistic casts

C04B 2111/00965 ・・for household applications, e.g. use of materials as cooking ware

C04B 2111/00974 ・・for pyrotechnic applications, e.g. blasting

C04B 2111/00982 ・・as construction elements for space vehicles or aeroplanes

C04B 2111/00991 ・・for testing

C04B 2111/10 ・Compositions or ingredients thereof characterised by the absence or the very low content of a specific material

C04B 2111/1006 ・・Absence of well-defined organic compounds

C04B 2111/1012 ・・・Organic solvents

C04B 2111/1018 ・・Gypsum free or very low gypsum content cement compositions

C04B 2111/1025 ・・Alkali-free or very low alkali-content materials

C04B 2111/1031 ・・Lime-free or very low lime-content materials

C04B 2111/1037 ・・Cement free compositions, e.g. hydraulically hardening mixtures based on waste materials, not containing cement as such

C04B 2111/1043 ・・・Calciumaluminate-free refractories

C04B 2111/105 ・・Alumina-free or very low alumina-content materials

C04B 2111/1056 ・・Silica-free or very low silica-content materials

C04B 2111/1062 ・・Halogen free or very low halogen-content materials

C04B 2111/1068 ・・・Halogens other than chlorine

C04B 2111/1075 ・・Chromium-free or very low chromium-content materials

C04B 2111/1081 ・・・Chromium VI, e.g. for avoiding chromium eczema (materials containing special additives for affording skin protection C04B 2111/00025)

C04B 2111/1087 ・・Carbon free or very low carbon content fly ashes; Fly ashes treated to reduce their carbon content or the effect thereof

C04B 2111/1093 ・・・Reducing the effect of the carbon content, without removing the carbon

C04B 2111/12 ・・Absence of mineral fibres, e.g. asbestos

C04B 2111/125 ・・・Mineral fibres other than asbestos

C04B 2111/20 ・Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack

C04B 2111/2007 ・・Avoiding unauthorised or unwanted use or treatment

C04B 2111/2015 ・・Sulfate resistance

C04B 2111/2023 ・・Resistance against alkali-aggregate reaction

C04B 2111/203 ・・Oil-proof or grease-repellant materials

C04B 2111/2038 ・・Resistance against physical degradation

C04B 2111/2046 ・・・Shock-absorbing materials

C04B 2111/2053 ・・・Earthquake- or hurricane-resistant materials

C04B 2111/2061 ・・・Materials containing photocatalysts, e.g. TiO2, for avoiding staining by air pollutants or the like

C04B 2111/2069 ・・・Self cleaning materials, e.g. using lotus effect (using photocatalysts C04B 2111/2061)

C04B 2111/2076 ・・・Discolouring resistant materials (self cleaning materials C04B 2111/2069)

C04B 2111/2084 ・・Thermal shock resistance

C04B 2111/2092 ・・Resistance against biological degradation

C04B 2111/21 ・・Efflorescence resistance

C04B 2111/22 ・・Carbonation resistance

C04B 2111/23 ・・Acid resistance, e.g. against acid air or rain

C04B 2111/24 ・・Sea water resistance

C04B 2111/25 ・・Graffiti resistance; Graffiti removing

C04B 2111/26 ・・Corrosion of reinforcement resistance

C04B 2111/265 ・・・Cathodic protection of reinforced concrete structures

C04B 2111/27 ・・Water resistance, e.g. waterproof or water-repellant materials

C04B 2111/275 ・・・Making materials water insoluble

C04B 2111/28 ・・Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures

C04B 2111/285 ・・・Intumescent materials

C04B 2111/29 ・・Frost-thaw resistance

C04B 2111/30 ・Nailable or sawable materials

C04B 2111/32 ・Expansion-inhibited materials

C04B 2111/325 ・・the expansion being inhibited in one direction only

C04B 2111/34 ・Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials

C04B 2111/343 ・・Crack resistant materials

C04B 2111/346 ・・Materials exhibiting reduced plastic shrinkage cracking

C04B 2111/40 ・Porous or lightweight materials

C04B 2111/42 ・・Floating materials

C04B 2111/50 ・Flexible or elastic materials

C04B 2111/503 ・・Elastic materials

C04B 2111/506 ・・Bendable material

C04B 2111/52 ・Sound-insulating materials

C04B 2111/54 ・Substitutes for natural stone, artistic materials or the like

C04B 2111/542 ・・Artificial natural stone

C04B 2111/545 ・・・Artificial marble

C04B 2111/547 ・・Imitating ancient compositions, e.g. mediaeval mortars; Compositions specially designed for restauration of ancient buildings or building elements

C04B 2111/56 ・Compositions suited for fabrication of pipes, e.g. by centrifugal casting, or for coating concrete pipes

C04B 2111/60 ・Flooring materials

C04B 2111/62 ・・Self-levelling compositions

C04B 2111/70 ・Grouts, e.g. injection mixtures for cables for prestressed concrete

C04B 2111/72 ・Repairing or restoring existing buildings or building materials

C04B 2111/723 ・・Repairing reinforced concrete

C04B 2111/726 ・・by chemical conversion of unwanted deposits, e.g. for the restauration of marble monuments

C04B 2111/74 ・Underwater applications

C04B 2111/76 ・Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero

C04B 2111/763 ・・High temperatures

C04B 2111/766 ・・Low temperatures, but above zero

C04B 2111/80 ・Optical properties, e.g. transparency or reflexibility

C04B 2111/802 ・・White cement

C04B 2111/805 ・・Transparent material

C04B 2111/807 ・・Luminescent or fluorescent materials

C04B 2111/82 ・・Coloured materials

C04B 2111/90 ・Electrical properties

C04B 2111/905 ・・Anti-static materials

C04B 2111/92 ・・Electrically insulating materials

C04B 2111/94 ・・Electrically conducting materials

C04B 2201/00 Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values

C04B 2201/05 ・Materials having an early high strength, e.g. allowing fast demoulding or formless casting

C04B 2201/10 ・for the viscosity

C04B 2201/20 ・for the density

C04B 2201/30 ・for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values

C04B 2201/32 ・・for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors

C04B 2201/40 ・for gas flow through the material

C04B 2201/50 ・for the mechanical strength

C04B 2201/52 ・・High compression strength concretes, i.e. with a compression strength higher than about 55 N/mm2, e.g. reactive powder concrete (RPC)

C04B 2235/00 Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products

C04B 2235/02 ・Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product

　　NOTE - C04B 2235/02 to C04B 2235/5481 are to be used only if the aspect is not trivial or not standard, e.g. if water is used as a mixing medium for a powder, whereas normally an organic mixing medium is used or if not the standard alpha-alumina is used to make an alumina ceramic but gamma-alumina in stead.

C04B 2235/30 ・・Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature

C04B 2235/32 ・・・Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides

C04B 2235/3201 ・・・・Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3203 ・・・・・Lithium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3205 ・・・・Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide

C04B 2235/3206 ・・・・・Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3208 ・・・・・Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime

C04B 2235/321 ・・・・・・Dolomites, i.e. mixed calcium magnesium carbonates

C04B 2235/3212 ・・・・・・Calcium phosphates, e.g. hydroxyapatite

C04B 2235/3213 ・・・・・Strontium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3215 ・・・・・Barium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3217 ・・・・Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina

C04B 2235/3218 ・・・・・Aluminium (oxy)hydroxides, e.g. boehmite, gibbsite, alumina sol

C04B 2235/322 ・・・・・Transition aluminas, e.g. delta or gamma aluminas

C04B 2235/3222 ・・・・・Aluminates other than alumino-silicates, e.g. spinel (MgAl2O4)

C04B 2235/3224 ・・・・Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide

C04B 2235/3225 ・・・・・Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3227 ・・・・・Lanthanum oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3229 ・・・・・Cerium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3231 ・・・・Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3232 ・・・・・Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase

C04B 2235/3234 ・・・・・・Titanates, not containing zirconia

C04B 2235/3236 ・・・・・・・Alkaline earth titanates

C04B 2235/3237 ・・・・・・Substoichiometric titanium oxides, e.g. Ti2O3

C04B 2235/3239 ・・・・・Vanadium oxides, vanadates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. magnesium vanadate

C04B 2235/3241 ・・・・・Chromium oxides, chromates, or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3243 ・・・・・・Chromates or chromites, e.g. aluminum chromate, lanthanum strontium chromite

C04B 2235/3244 ・・・・・Zirconium oxides, zirconates, gafmium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3246 ・・・・・・Stabilised zirconias, e.g. YSZ or cerium stabilised zirconia

C04B 2235/3248 ・・・・・・Zirconates or hafnates, e.g. zircon

C04B 2235/3249 ・・・・・・・containing also titanium oxide or titanates, e.g. lead zirconate titanate (PZT)

C04B 2235/3251 ・・・・・Niobium oxides, niobates, tatalum oxides, tantalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3253 ・・・・・・Substoichiometric niobium or tantalum oxides, e.g. NbO

C04B 2235/3255 ・・・・・・Niobates or tantalates, e.g. silver niobate

C04B 2235/3256 ・・・・・Molybdenum oxides, molybdates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. cadmium molybdate

C04B 2235/3258 ・・・・・Tungsten oxides, tungstates, or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/326 ・・・・・・Tungstates, e.g. scheelite

C04B 2235/3262 ・・・・Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO

C04B 2235/3263 ・・・・・Mn3O4

C04B 2235/3265 ・・・・・Mn2O3

C04B 2235/3267 ・・・・・MnO2

C04B 2235/3268 ・・・・・Manganates, manganites, rhenates or rhenites, e.g. lithium manganite, barium manganate, rhenium oxide

C04B 2235/327 ・・・・Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3272 ・・・・・Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite

C04B 2235/3274 ・・・・・・Ferrites

C04B 2235/3275 ・・・・・Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite

C04B 2235/3277 ・・・・・・Co3O4

C04B 2235/3279 ・・・・・Nickel oxides, nickalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3281 ・・・・Copper oxides, cuprates or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. CuO or Cu2O

C04B 2235/3282 ・・・・・Cuprates

C04B 2235/3284 ・・・・Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof

C04B 2235/3286 ・・・・Gallium oxides, gallates, indium oxides, indates, thallium oxides, thallates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc gallate

C04B 2235/3287 ・・・・Germanium oxides, germanates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. copper germanate

C04B 2235/3289 ・・・・Noble metal oxides

C04B 2235/3291 ・・・・・Silver oxides

C04B 2235/3293 ・・・・Tin oxides, stannates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. indium tin oxide (ITO)

C04B 2235/3294 ・・・・Antimony oxides, antimonates, antimonites or oxide forming salts thereof, indium antimonate

C04B 2235/3296 ・・・・Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silver plumbate

C04B 2235/3298 ・・・・Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc bismuthate

C04B 2235/34 ・・・Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides

C04B 2235/3409 ・・・・Boron oxide, borates, boric acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. borax

C04B 2235/3418 ・・・・Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint (glass constituents C04B 2235/36)

C04B 2235/3427 ・・・・Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass

C04B 2235/3436 ・・・・・Alkaline earth metal silicates, e.g. barium silicate

C04B 2235/3445 ・・・・・・Magnesium silicates, e.g. forsterite

C04B 2235/3454 ・・・・・・Calcium silicates, e.g. wollastonite

C04B 2235/3463 ・・・・・Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite

C04B 2235/3472 ・・・・・・Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. spodumene, alkali feldspars such as albite or orthoclase, micas such as muscovite, zeolites such as natrolite

C04B 2235/3481 ・・・・・・Alkaline earth metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. cordierite, beryl, micas such as margarite, plagioclase feldspars such as anorthite, zeolites such as chabazite

C04B 2235/349 ・・・・Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite

C04B 2235/36 ・・・Glass starting materials for making ceramics, e.g. silica glass

C04B 2235/365 ・・・・Borosilicate glass

C04B 2235/38 ・・・Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives

C04B 2235/3804 ・・・・Borides

C04B 2235/3808 ・・・・・Magnesium borides

C04B 2235/3813 ・・・・・Refractory metal borides

C04B 2235/3817 ・・・・Carbides

C04B 2235/3821 ・・・・・Boron carbides

C04B 2235/3826 ・・・・・Silicon carbides

C04B 2235/383 ・・・・・・Alpha silicon carbide

C04B 2235/3834 ・・・・・・Beta silicon carbide

C04B 2235/3839 ・・・・・Refractory metal carbides

C04B 2235/3843 ・・・・・・Titanium carbides

C04B 2235/3847 ・・・・・・Tungsten carbides

C04B 2235/3852 ・・・・Nitrides, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride, magnesium nitride

C04B 2235/3856 ・・・・・Carbonitrides, e.g. titanium carbonitride, zirconium carbonitride

C04B 2235/386 ・・・・・Boron nitrides

C04B 2235/3865 ・・・・・Aluminium nitrides

C04B 2235/3869 ・・・・・・Aluminium oxynitrides, e.g. AlON, sialon

C04B 2235/3873 ・・・・・Silicon nitrides, e.g. silicon carbonitride, silicon oxynitride

C04B 2235/3878 ・・・・・・Alpha silicon nitrides

C04B 2235/3882 ・・・・・・Beta silicon nitrides

C04B 2235/3886 ・・・・・Refractory metal nitrides, e.g. vanadium nitride, tungsten nitride

C04B 2235/3891 ・・・・Silicides, e.g. molybdenum disilicide, iron silicide

C04B 2235/3895 ・・・・Non-oxides with a defined oxygen content, e.g. SiOC, TiON

C04B 2235/40 ・・・Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase

C04B 2235/401 ・・・・Alkaline earth metals

C04B 2235/402 ・・・・Aluminium

C04B 2235/404 ・・・・Refractory metals

C04B 2235/405 ・・・・Iron group metals

C04B 2235/407 ・・・・Copper

C04B 2235/408 ・・・・Noble metals

C04B 2235/42 ・・・Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium

C04B 2235/421 ・・・・Boron

C04B 2235/422 ・・・・Carbon

C04B 2235/424 ・・・・・Carbon black

C04B 2235/425 ・・・・・Graphite

C04B 2235/427 ・・・・・Diamond

C04B 2235/428 ・・・・Silicon

C04B 2235/44 ・・・Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate

C04B 2235/441 ・・・・Alkoxides, e.g. methoxide, tert-butoxide

C04B 2235/442 ・・・・Carbonates

C04B 2235/443 ・・・・Nitrates or nitrites

C04B 2235/444 ・・・・Halide containing anions, e.g. bromide, iodate, chlorite

C04B 2235/445 ・・・・・Fluoride containing anions, e.g. fluosilicate

C04B 2235/446 ・・・・Sulfides, tellurides or selenides

C04B 2235/447 ・・・・Phosphates or phosphites (calcium phosphates C04B 2235/3212), e.g. orthophosphate, hypophosphite

C04B 2235/448 ・・・・Sulphates or sulphites

C04B 2235/449 ・・・・Organic acids, e.g. EDTA, citrate, acetate, oxalate

C04B 2235/46 ・・・Gases other than oxygen used as reactant, e.g. nitrogen used to make a nitride phase

C04B 2235/465 ・・・・Ammonia

C04B 2235/48 ・・・Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins

C04B 2235/483 ・・・・Si-containing organic compounds, e.g. silicone resins, (poly)silanes, (poly)siloxanes or (poly)silazanes

C04B 2235/486 ・・・・Boron containing organic compounds, e.g. borazine, borane or boranyl

C04B 2235/50 ・・Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance

C04B 2235/52 ・・・Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes

C04B 2235/5204 ・・・・Monocrystalline powders

C04B 2235/5208 ・・・・Fibers

C04B 2235/5212 ・・・・・Organic

C04B 2235/5216 ・・・・・Inorganic

C04B 2235/522 ・・・・・・Oxidic

C04B 2235/5224 ・・・・・・・Alumina or aluminates

C04B 2235/5228 ・・・・・・・Silica and alumina, including aluminosilicates, e.g. mullite

C04B 2235/5232 ・・・・・・・Silica or silicates other than aluminosilicates, e.g quartz

C04B 2235/5236 ・・・・・・・Zirconia

C04B 2235/524 ・・・・・・Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides

C04B 2235/5244 ・・・・・・・Silicon carbide

C04B 2235/5248 ・・・・・・・Carbon, e.g. graphite

C04B 2235/5252 ・・・・・having a specific pre-form

C04B 2235/5256 ・・・・・・Two-dimensional, e.g. woven structures

C04B 2235/526 ・・・・・charachterised by the length of the fibers

C04B 2235/5264 ・・・・・charachterised by the diameter of the fibers

C04B 2235/5268 ・・・・・Orientation of the fibers

C04B 2235/5272 ・・・・・Fibers of the same material with different length or diameter

C04B 2235/5276 ・・・・Whiskers, spindles, needles or pins

C04B 2235/528 ・・・・Spheres

C04B 2235/5284 ・・・・Hollow fibers, e.g. nanotubes

C04B 2235/5288 ・・・・・Carbon nanotubes

C04B 2235/5292 ・・・・Flakes, platelets or plates

C04B 2235/5296 ・・・・with a defined aspect ratio, e.g. indicating sphericity (spherical constituents C04B 2235/528)

C04B 2235/54 ・・・Particle size related information

C04B 2235/5409 ・・・・expressed by specific surface values

C04B 2235/5418 ・・・・expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof

C04B 2235/5427 ・・・・・millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm

C04B 2235/5436 ・・・・・micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron

C04B 2235/5445 ・・・・・submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron

C04B 2235/5454 ・・・・・nanometer sized, i.e. below 100 nm

C04B 2235/5463 ・・・・Particle size distributions

C04B 2235/5472 ・・・・・Bimodal, multi-modal or multi-fraction

C04B 2235/5481 ・・・・・Monomodal

C04B 2235/549 ・・・・the particle size being expressed by crystallite size or primary particle size

C04B 2235/60 ・Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms

C04B 2235/602 ・・Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding

C04B 2235/6021 ・・・Extrusion moulding

C04B 2235/6022 ・・・Injection moulding

C04B 2235/6023 ・・・Gel casting

C04B 2235/6025 ・・・Tape casting, e.g. with a doctor blade

C04B 2235/6026 ・・・Computer aided shaping, e.g. rapid prototyping

C04B 2235/6027 ・・・Slip casting

C04B 2235/6028 ・・・Shaping around a core which is removed later

C04B 2235/604 ・・Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures

C04B 2235/605 ・・Making or treating the green body or pre-form in a magnetic field

C04B 2235/606 ・・Drying

C04B 2235/608 ・・Green bodies or pre-forms with well-defined density

C04B 2235/61 ・・Mechanical properties, e.g. fracture toughness, hardness, Young's modulus or strength

C04B 2235/612 ・・Machining

C04B 2235/614 ・・Gas infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms

C04B 2235/616 ・・Liquid infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms

C04B 2235/65 ・Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes

C04B 2235/652 ・・Reduction treatment (C04B 2235/664 takes precedence)

C04B 2235/656 ・・characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment

C04B 2235/6562 ・・・Heating rate

C04B 2235/6565 ・・・Cooling rate

C04B 2235/6567 ・・・Treatment time

C04B 2235/658 ・・Atmosphere during thermal treatment

C04B 2235/6581 ・・・Total pressure below 1 atmosphere, e.g. vacuum

C04B 2235/6582 ・・・Hydrogen containing atmosphere

C04B 2235/6583 ・・・Oxygen containing atmosphere, e.g. with changing oxygen pressures

C04B 2235/6584 ・・・・at an oxygen percentage below that of air

C04B 2235/6585 ・・・・at an oxygen percentage above that of air

C04B 2235/6586 ・・・Processes characterised by the flow of gas

C04B 2235/6587 ・・・Influencing the atmosphere by vaporising a solid material, e.g. by using a burying of sacrificial powder

C04B 2235/6588 ・・・Water vapor containing atmospheres

C04B 2235/66 ・・Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering

C04B 2235/661 ・・・Multi-step sintering

C04B 2235/662 ・・・・Annealing after sintering

C04B 2235/663 ・・・・・Oxidative annealing

C04B 2235/664 ・・・・・Reductive annealing

C04B 2235/665 ・・・Local sintering, e.g. laser sintering

C04B 2235/666 ・・・Applying a current during sintering, e.g. plasma sintering (SPS), electrical resistance heating or pulse electric current sintering (PECS)

C04B 2235/667 ・・・Sintering using wave energy, e.g. microwave sintering

C04B 2235/668 ・・・Pressureless sintering

C04B 2235/70 ・Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products

C04B 2235/72 ・・Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics

C04B 2235/721 ・・・Carbon content

C04B 2235/722 ・・・Nitrogen content

C04B 2235/723 ・・・Oxygen content

C04B 2235/724 ・・・Halogenide content

C04B 2235/725 ・・・Metal content

C04B 2235/726 ・・・Sulfur content

C04B 2235/727 ・・・Phosphorus or phosphorus compound content

C04B 2235/728 ・・・Silicon content

C04B 2235/74 ・・Physical characteristics

C04B 2235/75 ・・・Products with a concentration gradient

C04B 2235/76 ・・・Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry

C04B 2235/761 ・・・・Unit-cell parameters, e.g. lattice constants

C04B 2235/762 ・・・・Cubic symmetry, e.g. beta-SiC

C04B 2235/763 ・・・・・Spinel structure AB2O4

C04B 2235/764 ・・・・・Garnet structure A3B2(CO4)3

C04B 2235/765 ・・・・Tetragonal symmetry

C04B 2235/766 ・・・・Trigonal symmetry, e.g. alpha-Si3N4 or alpha-Sialon

C04B 2235/767 ・・・・Hexagonal symmetry, e.g. beta-Si3N4, beta-Sialon, alpha-SiC or hexa-ferrites

C04B 2235/768 ・・・・Perovskite structure ABO3

C04B 2235/77 ・・・Density

C04B 2235/775 ・・・・Products showing a density-gradient

C04B 2235/78 ・・・Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures

C04B 2235/781 ・・・・Nanograined materials, i.e. having grain sizes below 100 nm

C04B 2235/782 ・・・・Grain size distributions

C04B 2235/783 ・・・・・Bimodal, multi-modal or multi-fractional

C04B 2235/784 ・・・・・Monomodal

C04B 2235/785 ・・・・Submicron sized grains, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron

C04B 2235/786 ・・・・Micrometer sized grains, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron

C04B 2235/787 ・・・・Oriented grains

C04B 2235/788 ・・・・Aspect ratio of the grains

C04B 2235/79 ・・・Non-stoichiometric products, e.g. perovskites (ABO3) with an A/B-ratio other than 1

C04B 2235/80 ・・Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase

C04B 2235/81 ・・・Materials characterised by the absence of phases other than the main phase, i.e. single phase materials

C04B 2235/83 ・・・Ferrites containing Fe2+

C04B 2235/85 ・・・Intergranular or grain boundary phases

C04B 2235/87 ・・・Grain boundary phases intentionally being absent

C04B 2235/94 ・・Products characterised by their shape

C04B 2235/945 ・・・Products containing grooves, cuts, recesses or protusions

C04B 2235/95 ・・Products characterised by their size, e.g. microceramics

C04B 2235/96 ・・Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance

C04B 2235/9607 ・・・Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient

C04B 2235/9615 ・・・・Linear firing shrinkage

C04B 2235/9623 ・・・・Ceramic setters properties

C04B 2235/963 ・・・Surface properties, e.g. surface roughness

C04B 2235/9638 ・・・・Tolerance; Dimensional accuracy

C04B 2235/9646 ・・・Optical properties

C04B 2235/9653 ・・・・Translucent or transparant ceramics other than alumina

C04B 2235/9661 ・・・・Colour

C04B 2235/9669 ・・・Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts

C04B 2235/9676 ・・・・against molten metals such as steel or aluminium

C04B 2235/9684 ・・・・Oxidation resistance

C04B 2235/9692 ・・・・Acid, alkali or halogen resistance

C04B 2237/00 Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating

C04B 2237/02 ・Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating

C04B 2237/04 ・・Ceramic interlayers

C04B 2237/06 ・・・Oxidic interlayers

C04B 2237/062 ・・・・based on silica or silicates

C04B 2237/064 ・・・・based on alumina or aluminates

C04B 2237/066 ・・・・based on rare earth oxides

C04B 2237/068 ・・・・based on refractory oxides, e.g. zirconia

C04B 2237/08 ・・・Non-oxidic interlayers

C04B 2237/083 ・・・・Carbide interlayers, e.g. silicon carbide interlayers

C04B 2237/086 ・・・・Carbon interlayers

C04B 2237/09 ・・・wherein the active component for bonding is not the largest fraction of the interlayer

C04B 2237/095 ・・・・The active component for bonding being silicon

C04B 2237/10 ・・Glass interlayers, e.g. frit or flux

C04B 2237/12 ・・Metallic interlayers

C04B 2237/121 ・・・based on aluminium

C04B 2237/122 ・・・based on refractory metals

C04B 2237/123 ・・・based on iron group metals, e.g. steel

C04B 2237/124 ・・・based on copper

C04B 2237/125 ・・・based on noble metals, e.g. silver

C04B 2237/126 ・・・wherein the active component for bonding is not the largest fraction of the interlayer

C04B 2237/127 ・・・・The active component for bonding being a refractory metal

C04B 2237/128 ・・・・The active component for bonding being silicon

C04B 2237/16 ・・Silicon interlayers

C04B 2237/30 ・Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates

C04B 2237/32 ・・Ceramic

C04B 2237/34 ・・・Oxidic

C04B 2237/341 ・・・・Silica or silicates

C04B 2237/343 ・・・・Alumina or aluminates

C04B 2237/345 ・・・・Refractory metal oxides

C04B 2237/346 ・・・・・Titania or titanates

C04B 2237/348 ・・・・・Zirconia, hafnia, zirconates or hafnates

C04B 2237/36 ・・・Non-oxidic

C04B 2237/361 ・・・・Boron nitride

C04B 2237/363 ・・・・Carbon

C04B 2237/365 ・・・・Silicon carbide

C04B 2237/366 ・・・・Aluminium nitride

C04B 2237/368 ・・・・Silicon nitride

C04B 2237/38 ・・・Fiber or whisker reinforced

C04B 2237/385 ・・・・Carbon or carbon composite

C04B 2237/40 ・・Metallic

C04B 2237/401 ・・・Cermets

C04B 2237/402 ・・・Aluminium

C04B 2237/403 ・・・Refractory metals

C04B 2237/404 ・・・Manganese or rhenium

C04B 2237/405 ・・・Iron metal group, e.g. Co or Ni

C04B 2237/406 ・・・・Iron, e.g. steel

C04B 2237/407 ・・・Copper

C04B 2237/408 ・・・Noble metals, e.g. palladium, platina or silver

C04B 2237/50 ・Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating

C04B 2237/52 ・・Pre-treatment of the joining surfaces, e.g. cleaning, machining

C04B 2237/525 ・・・by heating

C04B 2237/54 ・・Oxidising the surface before joining

C04B 2237/55 ・・Pre-treatments of a coated or not coated substrate other than oxidation treatment in order to form an active joining layer

C04B 2237/555 ・・・on a substrate not containing an interlayer coating, leading to the formation of an interlayer coating

C04B 2237/56 ・・Using constraining layers before or during sintering

C04B 2237/561 ・・・Constraining layers not covering the whole surface of the layers to be sintered, e.g. constraining layers with holes

C04B 2237/562 ・・・made of alumina or aluminates

C04B 2237/564 ・・・made of glass

C04B 2237/565 ・・・made of refractory metal oxides, e.g. zirconia

C04B 2237/567 ・・・made of metal

C04B 2237/568 ・・・made of non-oxide ceramics

C04B 2237/58 ・・Forming a gradient in composition or in properties across the laminate or the joined articles

C04B 2237/582 ・・・by joining layers or articles of the same composition but having different additives

C04B 2237/584 ・・・・the different additives being fibers or whiskers

C04B 2237/586 ・・・by joining layers or articles of the same composition but having different densities

C04B 2237/588 ・・・by joining layers or articles of the same composition but having different particle or grain sizes

C04B 2237/59 ・・Aspects relating to the structure of the interlayer

C04B 2237/592 ・・・whereby the interlayer is not continuous, e.g. not the whole surface of the smallest substrate is covered by the interlayer

C04B 2237/595 ・・・whereby the interlayer is continuous, but heterogeneous on macro-scale, e.g. one part of the interlayer being a joining material, another part being an electrode material

C04B 2237/597 ・・・whereby the interlayer is continuous but porous, e.g. containing hollow or porous particles, macro- or micropores or cracks

C04B 2237/60 ・・Forming at the joining interface or in the joining layer specific reaction phases or zones, e.g. diffusion of reactive species from the interlayer to the substrate or from a substrate to the joining interface, carbide forming at the joining interface

C04B 2237/61 ・・Joining two substrates of which at least one is porous by infiltrating the porous substrate with a liquid, such as a molten metal, causing bonding of the two substrates, e.g. joining two porous carbon substrates by infiltrating with molten silicon

C04B 2237/62 ・・Forming laminates or joined articles comprising holes, channels or other types of openings

C04B 2237/64 ・・Forming laminates or joined articles comprising grooves or cuts

C04B 2237/66 ・・Forming laminates or joined articles showing high dimensional accuracy, e.g. indicated by the warpage

C04B 2237/68 ・・Forming laminates or joining articles wherein at least one substrate contains at least two different parts of macro-size, e.g. one ceramic substrate layer containing an embedded conductor or electrode

C04B 2237/70 ・・Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness

C04B 2237/702 ・・・of one or more of the constraining layers

C04B 2237/704 ・・・of one or more of the ceramic layers or articles

C04B 2237/706 ・・・of one or more of the metallic layers or articles

C04B 2237/708 ・・・of one or more of the interlayers

C04B 2237/72 ・・Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two interlayers directly next to each other

C04B 2237/74 ・・Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two different interlayers separated by a substrate

C04B 2237/76 ・・Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc

C04B 2237/765 ・・・at least one member being a tube

C04B 2237/78 ・・Side-way connecting, e.g. connecting two plates through their sides

C04B 2237/80 ・・Joining the largest surface of one substrate with a smaller surface of the other substrate, e.g. butt joining or forming a T-joint

C04B 2237/82 ・・Two substrates not completely covering each other, e.g. two plates in a staggered position

C04B 2237/84 ・・Joining of a first substrate with a second substrate at least partially inside the first substrate, where the bonding area is at the inside of the first substrate, e.g. one tube inside another tube

C04B 2237/86 ・・Joining of two substrates at their largest surfaces, one surface being complete joined and covered, the other surface not, e.g. a small plate joined at it's largest surface on top of a larger plate

C04B 2237/88 ・・Joining of two substrates, where a substantial part of the joining material is present outside of the joint, leading to an outside joining of the joint

C04B 2290/00 Organisational aspects of production methods, equipment or plants

C04B 2290/10 ・Business methods aspects

C04B 2290/20 ・Integrated combined plants or devices, e.g. combined foundry and concrete plant