WebCPC CPC COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION

C22B　PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS (electrolytic C25); PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS

C22B 1/00 Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap (furnaces, sintering apparatus F27B)

C22B 1/005 ・{Preliminary treatment of scrap (C22B 1/02 up to C22B 1/26 take precedence)}

C22B 1/02 ・Roasting processes (C22B 1/16 takes precedence)

C22B 1/04 ・・Blast roasting

C22B 1/06 ・・Sulfating roasting

C22B 1/08 ・・Chloridising roasting

C22B 1/10 ・・in fluidised form

C22B 1/11 ・Removing sulfur, phosphorus or arsenic other than by roasting

C22B 1/14 ・Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating

C22B 1/16 ・・Sintering; Agglomerating

C22B 1/18 ・・・in sinter pots

C22B 1/20 ・・・in sintering machines with movable grates

C22B 1/205 ・・・・{regulation of the sintering process}

C22B 1/212 ・・・in tunnel furnaces

C22B 1/214 ・・・in shaft furnaces

C22B 1/216 ・・・in rotary furnaces

C22B 1/22 ・・・in other sintering apparatus

C22B 1/24 ・・Binding; Briquetting; {Granulating}

C22B 1/2406 ・・・{pelletizing}

C22B 1/2413 ・・・{enduration of pellets}

C22B 1/242 ・・・with binders

C22B 1/243 ・・・・inorganic

C22B 1/244 ・・・・organic

C22B 1/245 ・・・・・with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates

C22B 1/248 ・・・of metal scrap or alloys

C22B 1/26 ・Cooling of roasted, sintered, or agglomerated ores

C22B 3/00 Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes

C22B 3/0001 ・{Leaching of ores}{not used, see subgroups}

C22B 3/0002 ・・{Leaching with an ammoniacal liquor or with a hydroxide of an alkali or an alkaline earth metal}

C22B 3/0004 ・{Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching (C22B 3/04 takes precedence)}{WARNING: Not used, see subgroups}

C22B 3/0005 ・・{by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds, e.g. acyclic or carbocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, organo- metallic compounds, alcohols, ethers, or the like (C22B 3/205 takes precedence)}

C22B 3/0006 ・・・{using acyclic or carbocyclic compounds}

C22B 3/0008 ・・・・{using acyclic or carbocyclic compounds of a single type}

C22B 3/0009 ・・・・・{using alcohols or phenols}

C22B 3/001 ・・・・・{using amines (amino acids C22B 3/0024)}

C22B 3/0012 ・・・・・・{using aliphatic amines}

C22B 3/0013 ・・・・・・{using aromatic amines}

C22B 3/0014 ・・・・・・{using amino-alcohols}

C22B 3/0016 ・・・・・・{using quaternary ammonium}

C22B 3/0017 ・・・・・{using oximes}

C22B 3/0018 ・・・・・{using ethers or epoxides}

C22B 3/002 ・・・・・・{using crown ethers}

C22B 3/0021 ・・・・・{using ketones or aldehydes}

C22B 3/0022 ・・・・・{using organic acids (C22B 3/0031 or C22B 3/0035 or C22B 3/004 takes precedence)}

C22B 3/0024 ・・・・・・{using acids of the carboxylic type or derivatives thereof, e.g. amino acids, nitriles, amides, hydroxamic acids}

C22B 3/0025 ・・・・・・・{using oxalic acids}

C22B 3/0027 ・・・・・・・{using naphthenic acids}

C22B 3/0028 ・・・・・・・{using ramified chain carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. "versatic" acids}

C22B 3/0029 ・・・・・{using cyanic acids or derivatives thereof (C22B 3/0031 or C22B 3/0035 or C22B 3/004 takes precedence)}

C22B 3/0031 ・・・・・{using organic compounds containing sulfur atom(s), e.g. sulfonium (C22B 3/004 takes precedence)}

C22B 3/0032 ・・・・{using mixtures of acyclic or carbocyclic compounds of different types (C22B 3/0035 or C22B 3/004 takes precedence)}

C22B 3/0033 ・・・・・{using organic acids added to oximes}

C22B 3/0035 ・・・{using heterocyclic compounds (C22B 3/0018, C22B 3/002 and C22B 3/0031 take precedence)}

C22B 3/0036 ・・・・{using heterocyclic compounds of a single type}

C22B 3/0037 ・・・・・{using quinoline}

C22B 3/0039 ・・・・{using a mixture of organic agents wherein one agent at least is a heterocyclic compound (C22B 3/004 takes precedence)}

C22B 3/004 ・・・{using organo-metallic compounds or organo compounds of boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium or tellurim}

C22B 3/0041 ・・・・{using organo-metallic compounds of a single type}

C22B 3/0043 ・・・・・{using phosphorus-based acid derivatives}

C22B 3/0044 ・・・・・・{of a single type}

C22B 3/0045 ・・・・・・・{Acyclic compounds}

C22B 3/0047 ・・・・・・・・{of the phosphine or phosphane (PH3) type}

C22B 3/0048 ・・・・・・・・・{Primary (RPH2) compounds}

C22B 3/005 ・・・・・・・・・{Secondary (R2PH) compounds}

C22B 3/0051 ・・・・・・・・・{Tertiary (R3PH) compounds}

C22B 3/0052 ・・・・・・・・{Chalcogenides of phosphine, e.g. (R3P=X) type with X = O, S, Se or Te; Oxides, Thio-oxides of phosphine}

C22B 3/0054 ・・・・・・・・{of the phosphorane (PH5) type}

C22B 3/0055 ・・・・・・・・{of the phosphonium (PR4) type}

C22B 3/0056 ・・・・・・・・{Mononuclear oxyacids of tervalent phosphorus or their esters(-ite)}

C22B 3/0058 ・・・・・・・・・{Phosphenous (HOPO) type}

C22B 3/0059 ・・・・・・・・・{Phosphinous (H2POH) type}

C22B 3/006 ・・・・・・・・・{Phosphonous (H2P(OH)2) type}

C22B 3/0062 ・・・・・・・・・{Phosphorous (P(OH)3) type}

C22B 3/0063 ・・・・・・・・{Mononuclear oxyacids of pentavalent phosphorus or their esters(-ate)}

C22B 3/0064 ・・・・・・・・・{Phosphenic (HOP(O)2) or metaphosphoric type}

C22B 3/0066 ・・・・・・・・・{Phosphinic (H2P(O)(OH)) type}

C22B 3/0067 ・・・・・・・・・{Phosphonic (H2P(O)(OH)2)type}

C22B 3/0068 ・・・・・・・・・{Phosphoric ((O)P(OH)3) type}

C22B 3/007 ・・・・・・・・{Thiophosphoric acids or their esters}

C22B 3/0071 ・・・・・・・・{Dinuclear or polynuclear oxyacids and their derivatives}

C22B 3/0072 ・・・・・・・・・{Compounds with phosphorus-nitrogen (P=N) double bonds}

C22B 3/0074 ・・・・・・・・・{compounds with (P-P) bonds}

C22B 3/0075 ・・・・・・・・・{compounds with (P-Xn-P) bonds (n, 0, X: other than P), e.g. pyro- or di-}

C22B 3/0077 ・・・・・・・{Cyclic compounds e.g. aryl-, phenyl-, benzyl-compounds}

C22B 3/0078 ・・・・・・{using a mixture of phosphorus-based acid derivatives of different types}

C22B 3/0079 ・・・・・・・{of the acyclic type}

C22B 3/0081 ・・・・・・・・{two or more of the phosphine type}

C22B 3/0082 ・・・・・・・・{two or more of the phosphine oxides or sulfides type}

C22B 3/0083 ・・・・・・・・{two or more of the phosphorane type}

C22B 3/0085 ・・・・・・・・{two or more of the phosphonium type}

C22B 3/0086 ・・・・・・・・{two or more of the mononuclear oxyacids of tervalent phosphorus or their esters}

C22B 3/0087 ・・・・・・・・{two or more mononuclear oxyacids of quinquevalent phosphorus or their esters}

C22B 3/0089 ・・・・・・・・{two or more thiophosphoric acids or their esters}

C22B 3/009 ・・・・・・・・{two or more dinuclear or polynuclear oxyacids or their derivatives}

C22B 3/0091 ・・・・・・・・{combinations of the above}

C22B 3/0093 ・・・・・・・{comprising cyclic compounds only}

C22B 3/0094 ・・・・・・・{comprising cyclic and acyclic compounds}

C22B 3/0095 ・・・・{using a mixture of organic agents wherein one agent at least is an organo-metallic compound}

C22B 3/0097 ・・・{using a solution of normally solid organic compounds, e.g. dissolved polymers, sugars, or the like}

C22B 3/0098 ・・{by ion exchange extraction or by adsorption on solid substances, e.g. by extraction with solid resins (C22B 3/0097 takes precedence)}

C22B 3/02 ・Apparatus therefor

C22B 3/04 ・by leaching (C22B 3/18 takes precedence)

C22B 3/045 ・・{Leaching using electrochemical processes}

C22B 3/06 ・・in inorganic acid solutions, {e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions}

C22B 3/065 ・・・{Nitric acids or salts thereof}

C22B 3/08 ・・・Sulfuric acid, {other sulfurated acids or salts thereof}

C22B 3/10 ・・・Hydrochloric acid, {other halogenated acids or salts thereof}

C22B 3/12 ・・in inorganic alkaline solutions

C22B 3/14 ・・・containing ammonia or ammonium salts

C22B 3/16 ・・in organic solutions

C22B 3/1608 ・・・{Leaching with acyclic or carbocyclic agents}

C22B 3/1616 ・・・・{Leaching with acyclic or carbocyclic agents of a single type}

C22B 3/1625 ・・・・・{with amines (amino acids C22B 3/165)}

C22B 3/1633 ・・・・・{with oximes}

C22B 3/1641 ・・・・・{with ketones or aldehydes}

C22B 3/165 ・・・・・{with organic acids}

C22B 3/1658 ・・・・{Leaching with acyclic or carbocyclic agents of different types in admixture, e.g. with organic acids added to oximes}

C22B 3/1666 ・・・{Leaching with heterocyclic compounds}

C22B 3/1675 ・・・・{Leaching with a mixture of organic agents wherein one agent at least is a heterocyclic compounds (C22B 3/1683 takes precedence)}

C22B 3/1683 ・・・{Leaching with organo-metallic compounds}

C22B 3/1691 ・・・・{Leaching with a mixture of organic agents wherein at least one agent is an organo-metallic compound}

C22B 3/18 ・with the aid of micro-organisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae

C22B 3/20 ・Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching (C22B 3/18 takes precedence)

C22B 3/205 ・・{using adducts or inclusion complexes}

C22B 3/22 ・・by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, {by thermal decomposition}(C22B 3/26 takes precedence)

C22B 3/24 ・・・by adsorption on solid substances, e.g. by extraction with solid resins

C22B 3/42 ・・by ion-exchange extraction

C22B 3/44 ・・by chemical processes (C22B 3/0005 to C22B 3/20D2P take precedence)

C22B 3/46 ・・・by substitution, e.g. by cementation

C22B 4/00 Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys (obtaining iron or steel C21B, C21C)

C22B 4/005 ・{using plasma jets (smelting, remelting, refining of metals using a plasma as heat source C22B 9/22; Generating or handling plasma in general H05H 1/00; Gas-filled discharge tubes for processing materials in general H01J 37/32)}

C22B 4/02 ・Light metals {(C22B 4/005 takes precedence)}

C22B 4/04 ・Heavy metals {(C22B 4/005 takes precedence)}

C22B 4/06 ・Alloys {(C22B 4/005 takes precedence)}

C22B 4/08 ・Apparatus ({C22B 4/005 takes precedence;} electric heating elements H05B)

C22B 5/00 General methods of reducing to metals

C22B 5/02 ・Dry methods {smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes}

C22B 5/04 ・・by aluminium, other metals or silicon

C22B 5/06 ・・by carbides or the like

C22B 5/08 ・・by sulfides; Roasting reaction methods

C22B 5/10 ・・by solid carbonaceous reducing agents

C22B 5/12 ・・by gases

C22B 5/14 ・・・fluidised material

C22B 5/16 ・・with volatilisation or condensation of the metal being produced

C22B 5/18 ・・Reducing step-by-step

C22B 5/20 ・・from metal carbonyls

C22B 7/00 Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; {Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals (briquetting of scrap C22B 1/248; preliminary treatment of scrap C22B 1/005)}

C22B 7/001 ・{Dry processes}

C22B 7/002 ・・{by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)}

C22B 7/003 ・・{only remelting, e.g. of chips, borings, turnings; apparatus used therefor}

C22B 7/004 ・・{separating two or more metals by melting out (liquation) i.e. heating above the temperature of the lower melting metal component(s); by fractional crystallisation (controlled freezing)}

C22B 7/005 ・{Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking}

C22B 7/006 ・{Wet processes}

C22B 7/007 ・・{by acid leaching}

C22B 7/008 ・・{by an alkaline or ammoniacal leaching}

C22B 7/009 ・{General processes for recovering metals or metallic compounds from spent catalysts (for recovering specific metals C22B 11/00 to C22B 61/00)}

C22B 7/02 ・Working-up flue dust

C22B 7/04 ・Working-up slag

C22B 9/00 General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals

C22B 9/003 ・{by induction}

C22B 9/006 ・{with use of an inert protective material including the use of an inert gas}

C22B 9/02 ・Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action {including acoustic waves;(C22B 9/003, C22B 9/006, C22B 9/05, C22B 9/22 take precedence)}

C22B 9/023 ・・{By filtering (filtration of aluminium C22B 21/066)}

C22B 9/026 ・・{by acoustic waves, e.g. supersonic waves}

C22B 9/04 ・Refining by applying a vacuum

C22B 9/05 ・Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing {also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ}

C22B 9/055 ・・{while the metal is circulating, e.g. combined with filtration}

C22B 9/10 ・with refining or fluxing agents; use of materials therefor, {e.g. slagging or scorifying agents}(C22B 9/18 takes precedence){(C22B 9/006 takes precedence)}

C22B 9/103 ・・{Methods of introduction of solid or liquid refining or fluxing agents}

C22B 9/106 ・・{the refining being obtained by intimately mixing the molten metal with a molten salt or slag}

C22B 9/14 ・Refining in the solid state

C22B 9/16 ・Remelting metals (liquating C22B 9/02)

C22B 9/18 ・・Electroslag remelting {(electroslag casting B22D 23/10)}

C22B 9/20 ・・Arc remelting

C22B 9/22 ・・With heating by wave energy or particle radiation({by acoustic waves C22B 9/026})

C22B 9/221 ・・・{by electromagnetic waves, e.g. by gas discharge lamps}

C22B 9/223 ・・・・{by laser beams (working by laser beam B23K 26/00)}

C22B 9/225 ・・・・{by microwaves}

C22B 9/226 ・・・{by electric discharge, e.g. plasma (C22B 9/20 takes precedence; apparatus therefor H01J, H05B, H05H; chemical reactions with metals in a plasma C22B 4/005)}

C22B 9/228 ・・・{by particle radiation, e.g. electron beams}

C22B 11/00 Obtaining noble metals

C22B 11/02 ・by dry processes

C22B 11/021 ・・{Recovery of noble metals from waste materials}

C22B 11/023 ・・・{from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge}

C22B 11/025 ・・・{from manufactured products, e.g. from printed circuit boards, from photographic films, paper, or baths}

C22B 11/026 ・・・{from spent catalysts}

C22B 11/028 ・・・・{using solid sorbents, e.g. getters or catchment gauzes}

C22B 11/04 ・by wet processes {(C22B 3/16 takes precedence; treatment or purification of solutions by liquid-liquid extraction C22B 3/0005, by ion exchange or by adsorption C22B 3/00, C01G; C22B 3/16, C22B 3/0005)}

C22B 11/042 ・・{Recovery of noble metals from waste materials}

C22B 11/044 ・・・{from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge}

C22B 11/046 ・・・{from manufactured products, e.g. from printed circuit boards, from photographic films, paper or baths}

C22B 11/048 ・・・{from spent catalysts}

C22B 11/06 ・chloridising

C22B 11/08 ・by cyaniding

C22B 11/10 ・by amalgamating

C22B 11/12 ・・Apparatus therefor

C22B 13/00 Obtaining lead

C22B 13/02 ・by dry processes

C22B 13/025 ・・{Recovery from waste materials}

C22B 13/04 ・by wet processes

C22B 13/045 ・・{Recovery from waste materials}

C22B 13/06 ・Refining

C22B 13/08 ・・Separating metals from lead by precipitating, e.g. Parkes process

C22B 13/10 ・・Separating metals from lead by crystallising, e.g. by Pattison process

C22B 15/00 Obtaining copper

C22B 15/0002 ・{Preliminary treatment}

C22B 15/0004 ・・{without modification of the copper constituent}

C22B 15/0006 ・・・{by dry processes}

C22B 15/0008 ・・・{by wet processes (by flotation B03D)}

C22B 15/001 ・・{with modification of the copper constituent}

C22B 15/0013 ・・・{by roasting}

C22B 15/0015 ・・・・{Oxidizing roasting}

C22B 15/0017 ・・・・{Sulfating or sulfiding roasting}

C22B 15/0019 ・・・・{Chloridizing roasting (segregation C22B 15/0023)}

C22B 15/0021 ・・・{by reducing in gaseous or solid state (slag reduction C22B 15/0054)}

C22B 15/0023 ・・・・{Segregation}

C22B 15/0026 ・{Pyrometallurgy}

C22B 15/0028 ・・{Smelting or converting}

C22B 15/003 ・・・{Bath smelting or converting}

C22B 15/0032 ・・・・{in shaft furnaces, e.g. blast furnaces}

C22B 15/0034 ・・・・{in rotary furnaces, e.g. kaldo-type furnaces}

C22B 15/0036 ・・・・{in reverberatory furnaces}

C22B 15/0039 ・・・・{in electric furnaces}

C22B 15/0041 ・・・・{in converters}

C22B 15/0043 ・・・・・{in rotating converters}

C22B 15/0045 ・・・・{in muffles, crucibles, or closed vessels}

C22B 15/0047 ・・・{flash smelting or converting}

C22B 15/005 ・・・{in a succession of furnaces}

C22B 15/0052 ・・・{Reduction smelting or converting}

C22B 15/0054 ・・{Slag, slime, speiss, or dross treating}

C22B 15/0056 ・・{Scrap treating}

C22B 15/0058 ・・・{Spent catalysts}

C22B 15/006 ・・{working up of molten copper, e.g. refining}

C22B 15/0063 ・{Hydrometallurgy}

C22B 15/0065 ・・{Leaching or slurrying (with organic compounds C22B 3/16)}

C22B 15/0067 ・・・{with acids or salts thereof}

C22B 15/0069 ・・・・{containing halogen}

C22B 15/0071 ・・・・{containing sulfur}

C22B 15/0073 ・・・・{containing nitrogen}

C22B 15/0076 ・・・・・{Cyanide groups}

C22B 15/0078 ・・・{with ammoniacal solutions, e.g. ammonium hydroxide}

C22B 15/008 ・・・{with non-acid solutions containing salts of alkali or alkaline earth metals}

C22B 15/0082 ・・・{with water}

C22B 15/0084 ・・{Treating solutions (with organic compounds C22B 3/0004)}

C22B 15/0086 ・・・{by physical methods}

C22B 15/0089 ・・・{by chemical methods}

C22B 15/0091 ・・・・{by cementation}

C22B 15/0093 ・・・・{by gases, e.g. hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide}

C22B 15/0095 ・{Process control or regulation methods}

C22B 15/0097 ・・{Sulfur release abatement}

C22B 17/00 Obtaining cadmium

C22B 17/02 ・by dry processes

C22B 17/04 ・by wet processes

C22B 17/06 ・Refining

C22B 19/00 Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide

C22B 19/02 ・Preliminary treatment of ores; Preliminary refining of zinc oxide

C22B 19/04 ・Obtaining zinc by distilling

C22B 19/06 ・・in muffle furnaces

C22B 19/08 ・・in blast furnaces

C22B 19/10 ・・in reverberatory furnaces

C22B 19/12 ・・in crucible furnaces

C22B 19/14 ・・in vertical retorts

C22B 19/16 ・・Distilling vessels

C22B 19/18 ・・・Condensers, Receiving vessels

C22B 19/20 ・Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling

C22B 19/22 ・・with leaching with acids

C22B 19/24 ・・with leaching with alkaline solutions, e.g. ammonia

C22B 19/26 ・・Refining solutions {containing zinc values, e.g.} obtained by leaching zinc ores ({treatment or purification of solutions by liquid-liquid extraction, by ion exchange or by adsorption C22B 3/00})

C22B 19/28 ・from muffle furnace residues

C22B 19/30 ・from metallic residues or scraps

C22B 19/32 ・Refining zinc

C22B 19/34 ・Obtaining zinc oxide (purifying zinc oxide C01G 9/02)

C22B 19/36 ・・in blast or reverberatory furnaces

C22B 19/38 ・・in rotary furnaces

C22B 21/00 Obtaining aluminium

C22B 21/0007 ・{Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap or any other metal source (Bayer processes C01F)}

C22B 21/0015 ・{by wet processes (C22B 21/02, C22B 21/04 and C22B 21/06 take precedence)}

C22B 21/0023 ・・{from waste materials}

C22B 21/003 ・・・{from spent catalysts}

C22B 21/0038 ・{by other processes (electrolysis C25C; C22B 21/02 and C22B 21/04 take precedence)}

C22B 21/0046 ・・{from aluminium halides}

C22B 21/0053 ・・{from other aluminium compounds}

C22B 21/0061 ・・・{using metals, e.g. Hg or Mn}

C22B 21/0069 ・・{from scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium e.g. recovery of alloy constituents (C22B 21/0046, C22B 21/0053 and C22B 21/0092 take precedence)}

C22B 21/0076 ・・・{from spent catalysts}

C22B 21/0084 ・{melting and handling molten aluminium (C22B 21/02, C22B 21/04 and C22B 21/06 take precedence)}

C22B 21/0092 ・・{Remelting scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium}

C22B 21/02 ・with reducing {(C22B 21/04 takes precedence)}

C22B 21/04 ・with alkali metals {earth alkali metals included}

C22B 21/06 ・refining {electrolytic refining C25C; (C22B 21/0046, C22B 21/0061 take precedence)}

C22B 21/062 ・・{using salt or fluxing agents (C22B 21/064, C22B 21/066, and C22B 21/068 take precedence)}

C22B 21/064 ・・{using inert or reactive gases (C22B 21/066 and C22B 21/068 take precedence)}

C22B 21/066 ・・{Treatment of circulating aluminium, e.g. by filtration (C22B 21/068 takes precedence)}

C22B 21/068 ・・{handling in vacuum}

C22B 23/00 Obtaining nickel or cobalt

C22B 23/005 ・{Preliminary treatment of ores, e.g. by roasting or by the Krupp-Renn process}

C22B 23/02 ・by dry processes

C22B 23/021 ・・{by reduction in solid state, e.g. by segregation processes}

C22B 23/023 ・・{with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt}

C22B 23/025 ・・{with formation of a matte or by matte refining or converting into nickel or cobalt, e.g. by the Oxford process (leaching of mattes C22B 23/04)}

C22B 23/026 ・・{from spent catalysts}

C22B 23/028 ・・{separation of nickel from cobalt}

C22B 23/04 ・by wet processes ({recovery or separation of nickel or cobalt using organic agents C22B 3/00})

C22B 23/0407 ・・{Leaching processes}

C22B 23/0415 ・・・{with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions}

C22B 23/0423 ・・・・{Halogenated acids or salts thereof}

C22B 23/043 ・・・・{Sulfurated acids or salts thereof}

C22B 23/0438 ・・・・{Nitric acids or salts thereof}

C22B 23/0446 ・・・{with an ammoniacal liquor or with a hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal}

C22B 23/0453 ・・{Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching (C22B 23/0407 takes precedence)}

C22B 23/0461 ・・・{by chemical methods}

C22B 23/0469 ・・・・{by chemical substitution, e.g. by cementation}

C22B 23/0476 ・・{Separation of nickel from cobalt}

C22B 23/0484 ・・・{in acidic type solutions}

C22B 23/0492 ・・・{in ammoniacal type solutions}

C22B 23/06 ・refining

C22B 23/065 ・・{carbonyl methods}

C22B 25/00 Obtaining tin

C22B 25/02 ・by dry processes

C22B 25/04 ・by wet processes

C22B 25/06 ・from scrap, especially tin scrap (by electrolytic procedure C25C 1/14)

C22B 25/08 ・Refining

C22B 26/00 Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium

C22B 26/10 ・Obtaining alkali metals

C22B 26/12 ・・Obtaining lithium

C22B 26/20 ・Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium

C22B 26/22 ・・Obtaining magnesium

C22B 30/00 Obtaining antimony, arsenic or bismuth

C22B 30/02 ・Obtaining antimony

C22B 30/04 ・Obtaining arsenic {(C22B 3/16, C22B 3/0005 and C22B 3/0098 take precedence)}

C22B 30/06 ・Obtaining bismuth

C22B 34/00 Obtaining refractory metals

C22B 34/10 ・Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium

C22B 34/12 ・・Obtaining titanium {or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G 23/00 to C01G 23/08}

C22B 34/1204 ・・・{preliminary treatment of ores or scrap to eliminate non- titanium constituents, e.g. iron, without attacking the titanium constituent}

C22B 34/1209 ・・・・{by dry processes, e.g. with selective chlorination of iron or with formation of a titanium bearing slag}

C22B 34/1213 ・・・・{by wet processes, e.g. using leaching methods or flotation techniques}

C22B 34/1218 ・・・{obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes}

C22B 34/1222 ・・・・{using a halogen containing agent}

C22B 34/1227 ・・・・{using an oxygen containing agent}

C22B 34/1231 ・・・・{treatment or purification of titanium containing products obtained by dry processes, e.g. condensation}

C22B 34/1236 ・・・{obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by wet processes, e.g. by leaching}

C22B 34/124 ・・・・{using acidic solutions or liquors}

C22B 34/1245 ・・・・・{containing a halogen ion as active agent}

C22B 34/125 ・・・・・{containing a sulfur ion as active agent}

C22B 34/1254 ・・・・{using basic solutions or liquors}

C22B 34/1259 ・・・・{treatment or purification of titanium containing solutions or liquors or slurries (C01G 23/001 takes precedence)}

C22B 34/1263 ・・・{obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction (C22B 34/129 takes precedence)}

C22B 34/1268 ・・・・{using alkali or alkaline-earth metals or amalgams}

C22B 34/1272 ・・・・・{reduction of titanium halides, e.g. Kroll process}

C22B 34/1277 ・・・・{using other metals, e.g. Al, Si, Mn}

C22B 34/1281 ・・・・{using carbon containing agents, e.g. C, CO, carbides (34/12H8 takes precedence)}

C22B 34/1286 ・・・・{using hydrogen containing agents, e.g. H2, CaH2, hydrocarbons}

C22B 34/129 ・・・{obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds by dissociation, e.g. thermic dissociation of titanium tetraiodide, or by electrolysis or with the use of an electric arc}

C22B 34/1295 ・・・{Refining, melting, remelting, working up of titanium}

C22B 34/14 ・・Obtaining zirconium or hafnium {Treatment or purification of solutions by liquid-liquid extraction, by ion exchange or by adsorption C22B 3/00, C01G 25/003, C01G 27/003}

C22B 34/20 ・Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium

C22B 34/22 ・・Obtaining vanadium

C22B 34/225 ・・・{from spent catalysts}

C22B 34/24 ・・Obtaining niobium or tantalum

C22B 34/30 ・Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten

C22B 34/32 ・・Obtaining chromium

C22B 34/325 ・・・{from spent catalysts}

C22B 34/34 ・・Obtaining molybdenum {(C22B 3/0005, C22B 3/0098 and C01G 39/003 take precedence; from catalyst or superalloy scrap : see also C22B 7/00)}

C22B 34/345 ・・・{from spent catalysts}

C22B 34/36 ・・Obtaining tungsten

C22B 34/365 ・・・{from spent catalysts}

C22B 35/00 Obtaining beryllium

C22B 41/00 Obtaining germanium {(C22B 3/0005 and C22B 3/0098 takes precedence)}

C22B 43/00 Obtaining mercury

C22B 47/00 Obtaining manganese

C22B 47/0009 ・{from spent catalysts}

C22B 47/0018 ・{Treating ocean floor nodules}

C22B 47/0027 ・・{Preliminary treatment}

C22B 47/0036 ・・{by dry processes, e.g. smelting}

C22B 47/0045 ・・{by wet processes}

C22B 47/0054 ・・・{leaching processes}

C22B 47/0063 ・・・・{with acids or salt solutions (C22B 47/0072 takes precedence)}

C22B 47/0072 ・・・・{with an ammoniacal liquor or with a hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal}

C22B 47/0081 ・・・{Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching (C22B 47/0054 takes precedence)}

C22B 47/009 ・・{refining, e.g. separation of metals obtained by the above methods}

C22B 58/00 Obtaining gallium or indium {(treatment or purification of solutions by liquid-liquid extraction, by ion exchange or by adsorption C22B 3/0004)}

C22B 59/00 Obtaining rare earth metals

C22B 60/00 Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals

C22B 60/02 ・Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides

C22B 60/0204 ・・{obtaining uranium}

C22B 60/0208 ・・・{preliminary treatment of ores or scrap}

C22B 60/0213 ・・・{by dry processes}

C22B 60/0217 ・・・{by wet processes}

C22B 60/0221 ・・・・{by leaching}

C22B 60/0226 ・・・・・{using acidic solutions or liquors}

C22B 60/023 ・・・・・・{halogenated ion as active agent}

C22B 60/0234 ・・・・・・{sulfurated ion as active agent}

C22B 60/0239 ・・・・・・{nitric acid containing ion as active agent}

C22B 60/0243 ・・・・・・{phosphorated ion as active agent}

C22B 60/0247 ・・・・・{using basic solutions or liquors}

C22B 60/0252 ・・・・{treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries (C22B 60/0221 takes precedence)}

C22B 60/0256 ・・・・・{using biological agents, e.g. micro organisms or algae}

C22B 60/026 ・・・・・{liquid-liquid extraction with or without dissolution in organic solvents}

C22B 60/0265 ・・・・・{extraction by solid resins}

C22B 60/0269 ・・・・・・{Extraction by activated carbon containing adsorbents}

C22B 60/0273 ・・・・・・{Extraction by titanium containing adsorbents, e.g. by hydrous titanium oxide (C22B 60/0269 takes precedence)}

C22B 60/0278 ・・・・・{by chemical methods (C22B 60/0256, C22B 60/026, or C22B 60/0265 take precedence)}

C22B 60/0282 ・・・・・・{Solutions containing P ions, e.g. treatment of solutions resulting from the leaching of phosphate ores or recovery of uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid}

C22B 60/0286 ・・・{refining, melting, remelting, working up uranium}

C22B 60/0291 ・・{obtaining thorium}

C22B 60/0295 ・・{obtaining other actinides except plutonium}

C22B 60/04 ・・Obtaining plutonium

C22B 61/00 Obtaining metals not elsewhere provided for in this subclass (iron C21)