WebCPC CPC COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION

C21D　MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE BY DECARBURISATION, TEMPERING OR OTHER TREATMENTS (cementation by diffusion processes C23C; surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by this subclass, C23F 17/00; unidirectional solidification of eutectic materials or unidirectional demixing of eutectoid materials C30B)

C21D 1/00 General methods or devices for heat treatments, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching, tempering (furnaces in general F27; electric heating per se H05B)

C21D 1/02 ・Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation

C21D 1/04 ・with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields

C21D 1/06 ・Surface hardening

C21D 1/08 ・・with flames

C21D 1/09 ・・by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation

C21D 1/10 ・・・by electric induction

C21D 1/18 ・Hardening (C21D 1/02 takes precedence); Quenching with or without subsequent tempering (quenching devices C21D 1/62)

C21D 1/185 ・・{from an intercritical temperature}

C21D 1/19 ・・by interrupted quenching

C21D 1/20 ・・・Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening

C21D 1/22 ・・・Martempering

C21D 1/25 ・・Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Verguten")

C21D 1/26 ・Methods of annealing

C21D 1/28 ・・Normalising

C21D 1/30 ・・Stress-relieving

C21D 1/32 ・・Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising

C21D 1/34 ・Methods of heating (C21D 1/06 takes precedence)

C21D 1/38 ・・Heating by cathodic discharges

C21D 1/40 ・・Direct resistance heating

C21D 1/42 ・・Induction heating

C21D 1/44 ・・in heat-treatment baths

C21D 1/46 ・・・Salt baths

C21D 1/48 ・・・Metal baths

C21D 1/50 ・・・Oil baths

C21D 1/52 ・・with flames

C21D 1/53 ・・Heating in fluidised beds

C21D 1/54 ・Determining when the hardening temperature has been reached by measurement of magnetic or electrical properties

C21D 1/55 ・Hardenability tests, e.g. end-quench tests (investigating chemical or physical properties of materials in general G01N)

C21D 1/56 ・characterised by the quenching agents

C21D 1/58 ・・Oils

C21D 1/60 ・・Aqueous agents

C21D 1/607 ・・Molten salts

C21D 1/613 ・・Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material

C21D 1/62 ・Quenching devices

C21D 1/63 ・・for bath quenching

C21D 1/64 ・・・with circulating liquids (in general F28D)

C21D 1/667 ・・for spray quenching

C21D 1/673 ・・for die quenching

C21D 1/68 ・Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment

C21D 1/70 ・・while heating or quenching

C21D 1/72 ・・during chemical change of surfaces

C21D 1/74 ・Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum, or pulverulent material (production of gases C01, C10)

C21D 1/76 ・・Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere

C21D 1/763 ・・・{using a catalyst}

C21D 1/767 ・・with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof

C21D 1/773 ・・under reduced pressure or vacuum

C21D 1/78 ・Combined heat-treatments not provided for above

C21D 1/785 ・・{Thermocycling}

C21D 1/82 ・Descaling by thermal stresses (mechanically B21, B23; chemically C23; electrolytically C25F)

C21D 1/84 ・Controlled slow cooling (cooling-beds for metal rolling B21B 43/00)

C21D 3/00 Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor (local protective coatings C21D 1/72; furnaces in general F27)

C21D 3/02 ・Extraction of non-metals

C21D 3/04 ・・Decarburising

C21D 3/06 ・・Extraction of hydrogen

C21D 3/08 ・・Extraction of nitrogen

C21D 3/10 ・Furnaces therefor

C21D 5/00 Heat treatments of cast-iron

C21D 5/02 ・improving the malleability of grey cast-iron

C21D 5/04 ・of white cast-iron

C21D 5/06 ・・Malleabilising

C21D 5/08 ・・・with oxidation of carbon

C21D 5/10 ・・・・in gaseous agents

C21D 5/12 ・・・・in solid agents

C21D 5/14 ・・・Graphitising

C21D 5/16 ・・・・Packing agents

C21D 6/00 Heat treatment of ferrous alloys

C21D 6/001 ・{containing Ni (C21D 6/004 takes precedence)}

C21D 6/002 ・{containing Cr (C21D 6/004 takes precedence)}

C21D 6/004 ・{containing Cr and Ni}

C21D 6/005 ・{containing Mn}

C21D 6/007 ・{containing Co}

C21D 6/008 ・{containing Si}

C21D 6/02 ・Hardening by precipitation

C21D 6/04 ・Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius

C21D 7/00 Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation (apparatus for mechanical working of metal B21, B23, B24)

C21D 7/02 ・by cold working

C21D 7/04 ・・of the surface

C21D 7/06 ・・・by shot-peening or the like

C21D 7/08 ・・・by burnishing or the like

C21D 7/10 ・・of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars

C21D 7/105 ・・・{of concrete reinforcing bars}

C21D 7/12 ・・・by expanding tubular bodies

C21D 7/13 ・by hot working

C21D 8/00 Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment (hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling with no further heating beyond that required for the formation C21D 1/02)

C21D 8/005 ・{of ferrous alloys (C21D 8/02 to C21D 8/12 take precedence)}

C21D 8/02 ・during manufacturing of plates or strips (C21D 8/12 takes precedence)

C21D 8/0205 ・・{of ferrous alloys}

C21D 8/021 ・・{involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab}

C21D 8/0215 ・・・{Rapid solidification; Thin strip casting}

C21D 8/0221 ・・{characterised by the working steps}

C21D 8/0226 ・・・{Hot rolling}

C21D 8/0231 ・・・{Warm rolling}

C21D 8/0236 ・・・{Cold rolling}

C21D 8/0242 ・・・{Flattening; Dressing; Flexing}

C21D 8/0247 ・・{characterised by the heat treatment}

C21D 8/0252 ・・・{with application of tension}

C21D 8/0257 ・・・{with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding}

C21D 8/0263 ・・・{following hot rolling}

C21D 8/0268 ・・・{between cold rolling steps}

C21D 8/0273 ・・・{Final recrystallisation annealing}

C21D 8/0278 ・・{involving a particular surface treatment (C21D 8/0294 takes precedence)}

C21D 8/0284 ・・・{Application of a separating or insulating coating}

C21D 8/0289 ・・・{Application of a tension-inducing coating}

C21D 8/0294 ・・{involving a localised treatment}

C21D 8/04 ・・to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing

C21D 8/0405 ・・・{of ferrous alloys}

C21D 8/041 ・・・{involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab}

C21D 8/0415 ・・・・{Rapid solidification; Thin strip casting}

C21D 8/0421 ・・・{characterised by the working steps}

C21D 8/0426 ・・・・{Hot rolling}

C21D 8/0431 ・・・・{Warm rolling}

C21D 8/0436 ・・・・{Cold rolling}

C21D 8/0442 ・・・・{Flattening; Dressing; Flexing}

C21D 8/0447 ・・・{characterised by the heat treatment}

C21D 8/0452 ・・・・{with application of tension}

C21D 8/0457 ・・・・{with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding}

C21D 8/0463 ・・・・{following hot rolling}

C21D 8/0468 ・・・・{between cold rolling steps}

C21D 8/0473 ・・・・{Final recrystallisation annealing}

C21D 8/0478 ・・・{involving a particular surface treatment (C21D 8/0494 takes precedence)}

C21D 8/0484 ・・・・{Application of a separating or insulating coating}

C21D 8/0489 ・・・・{Application of a tension-inducing coating}

C21D 8/0494 ・・・{involving a localised treatment}

C21D 8/06 ・during manufacturing of rods or wires

C21D 8/065 ・・{of ferrous alloys}

C21D 8/08 ・・for concrete reinforcement

C21D 8/10 ・during manufacturing of tubular bodies

C21D 8/105 ・・{of ferrous alloys}

C21D 8/12 ・during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties

C21D 8/1205 ・・{involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab}

C21D 8/1211 ・・・{Rapid solidification; Thin strip casting}

C21D 8/1216 ・・{the working step(s) being of interest}

C21D 8/1222 ・・・{Hot rolling}

C21D 8/1227 ・・・{Warm rolling}

C21D 8/1233 ・・・{Cold rolling}

C21D 8/1238 ・・・{Flattening; Dressing; Flexing}

C21D 8/1244 ・・{the heat treatment(s) being of interest}

C21D 8/125 ・・・{with application of tension}

C21D 8/1255 ・・・{with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding}

C21D 8/1261 ・・・{following hot rolling}

C21D 8/1266 ・・・{between cold rolling steps}

C21D 8/1272 ・・・{Final recrystallisation annealing}

C21D 8/1277 ・・{involving a particular surface treatment (C21D 8/1294 takes precedence)}

C21D 8/1283 ・・・{Application of a separating or insulating coating}

C21D 8/1288 ・・・{Application of a tension-inducing coating}

C21D 8/1294 ・・{involving a localized treatment}

C21D 9/00 Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching, tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor (furnaces in general F27)

C21D 9/0006 ・{Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces (control devices C21D 11/00)}

C21D 9/0012 ・・{Rolls; Roll arrangements}

C21D 9/0018 ・・{for charging, discharging or manipulation of charge}

C21D 9/0025 ・・{Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers}

C21D 9/0031 ・{Rotary furnaces with horizontal or slightly inclined axis}

C21D 9/0037 ・{Rotary furnaces with vertical axis; Furnaces with rotating floor}

C21D 9/0043 ・{Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces}

C21D 9/005 ・{Furnaces in which the charge is moving up or down (for wire, strip C21D 9/54)}

C21D 9/0056 ・{Furnaces through which the charge is moved in a horizontal straight path (C21D 9/0043 takes precedence)}

C21D 9/0062 ・{Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone}

C21D 9/0068 ・{for particular articles not mentioned below}

C21D 9/0075 ・{for rods of limited length (of unlimited length C21D 9/52)}

C21D 9/0081 ・{for slabs; for billets}

C21D 9/0087 ・{for chains, for chain links}

C21D 9/0093 ・{for screws; for bolts}

C21D 9/02 ・for springs

C21D 9/04 ・for rails (apparatus for heat treatment of railway rails on the spot E01B 31/18)

C21D 9/06 ・・with diminished tendency to become wavy

C21D 9/08 ・for tubular bodies or pipes

C21D 9/085 ・・{Cooling or quenching}

C21D 9/10 ・・shotgun barrels

C21D 9/12 ・・barrels for ordnance

C21D 9/14 ・・wear- or pressure-resistant pipes

C21D 9/16 ・for explosive shells

C21D 9/18 ・for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools

C21D 9/20 ・for blades for skates

C21D 9/22 ・for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools

C21D 9/24 ・for saw blades

C21D 9/26 ・for needles; for teeth for card-clothing

C21D 9/28 ・for plain shafts

C21D 9/30 ・for crankshafts; for camshafts

C21D 9/32 ・for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like

C21D 9/34 ・for tyres; for rims

C21D 9/36 ・for balls; for rollers

C21D 9/38 ・for roll bodies

C21D 9/40 ・for rings; for bearing races

C21D 9/42 ・for armour plate

C21D 9/44 ・for equipment for lining mine shafts, e.g. segments, rings, props

C21D 9/46 ・for sheet metals

C21D 9/48 ・・deep-drawing sheets

C21D 9/50 ・for welded joints

C21D 9/505 ・・{Cooling thereof}

C21D 9/52 ・for wires; for strips; {for rods of unlimited length}

C21D 9/525 ・・{for wire, for rods (C21D 9/54 takes precedence)}

C21D 9/54 ・・Furnaces for treating strips or wire

C21D 9/56 ・・・Continuous furnaces for strip or wire

C21D 9/561 ・・・・{with a controlled atmosphere or vacuum}

C21D 9/562 ・・・・{Details}

C21D 9/563 ・・・・・{Rolls; Drums; Roll arrangements}

C21D 9/564 ・・・・・{Tension control}

C21D 9/565 ・・・・・{Sealing arrangements}

C21D 9/567 ・・・・with heating in fluidised beds

C21D 9/573 ・・・・with cooling

C21D 9/5732 ・・・・・{of wires; of rods}

C21D 9/5735 ・・・・・{Details}

C21D 9/5737 ・・・・・・{Rolls; Drums; Roll arrangements}

C21D 9/58 ・・・・with heating by baths

C21D 9/60 ・・・・with induction heating

C21D 9/62 ・・・・with direct resistance heating

C21D 9/63 ・・・・the strip being supported by a cushion of gas

C21D 9/64 ・・・Patenting furnaces

C21D 9/66 ・・・Tower-type furnaces

C21D 9/663 ・・・Bell-type furnaces

C21D 9/665 ・・・・inverted or side-facing

C21D 9/667 ・・・・Multi-station furnaces

C21D 9/67 ・・・・adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere

C21D 9/673 ・・・・Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to bell-type furnaces

C21D 9/675 ・・・・・Arrangements of charging or discharging devices

C21D 9/677 ・・・・・Arrangements of heating devices

C21D 9/68 ・・・Furnace coilers; hot coilers (cold coilers B21C)

C21D 9/70 ・Furnaces for ingots, i.e. soaking pits

C21D 10/00 Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation

C21D 10/005 ・{by laser shock processing}

C21D 11/00 Process control or regulation for heat treatments (controlling or regulating in general G05)

C21D 11/005 ・{for cooling}

C21D 2201/00 Treatment for obtaining particular effects

C21D 2201/01 ・Shape memory effect

C21D 2201/02 ・Superplasticity

C21D 2201/03 ・Amorphous or microcrystalline structure

C21D 2201/04 ・Single or very large crystals

C21D 2201/05 ・Grain orientation

C21D 2211/00 Microstructure comprising significant phases

C21D 2211/001 ・Austenite

C21D 2211/002 ・Bainite

C21D 2211/003 ・Cementite

C21D 2211/004 ・Dispersions; Precipitations

C21D 2211/005 ・Ferrite

C21D 2211/006 ・Graphite

C21D 2211/007 ・Ledeburite

C21D 2211/008 ・Martensite

C21D 2211/009 ・Pearlite

C21D 2221/00 Treating localised areas of an article

C21D 2221/01 ・End parts (e.g. leading, trailing end)

C21D 2221/02 ・Edge parts

C21D 2221/10 ・Differential treatment of inner with respect to outer regions, e.g. core and periphery, respectively

C21D 2241/00 Treatments in a special environment

C21D 2241/01 ・under pressure

C21D 2241/02 ・・Hot isostatic pressing

C21D 2241/03 ・in zero gravity (e.g. in spce)

C21D 2251/00 Treating composite or clad material

C21D 2251/02 ・Clad material

C21D 2251/04 ・Welded or brazed overlays

C21D 2261/00 Machining or cutting being involved

C21D 2281/00 Making use of special physico-chemical means

C21D 2281/01 ・Seed crystals being used

C21D 2281/02 ・temperature gradient