WebCPC CPC COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION

B61L　GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC (power supply lines for electrically-propelled vehicles B60M; vehicle signalling in general B60Q; brakes or auxiliary equipment B61H, B61K; point or crossing construction E01B; insulated rail joints E01B 11/54; optical devices in general G02; controlling in general G05; electric communication technique H04)

B61L 1/00 Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or vehicle train, {e.g. pedals}(detonators B61L 5/20; operation of points or signals by passage of the vehicle B61L 11/00, B61L 13/00; central traffic control systems controlled by train B61L 27/04; operation of gates, or gates and signals, by approaching vehicle B61L 29/18)

B61L 1/02 ・Electric devices associated with track {e.g. rail contacts}

B61L 1/025 ・・{actuated by variation of resistance or by piezo-electricity}

B61L 1/04 ・・mechanically actuated by a part of the vehicle

B61L 1/045 ・・・{actuated by fluid-pressure}

B61L 1/06 ・・actuated by deformation of rail; actuated by vibration in rail

B61L 1/08 ・・magnetically actuated; electrostatically actuated

B61L 1/10 ・・actuated by electromagnetic radiation; actuated by particle radiation

B61L 1/12 ・Electric devices associated with overhead trolley wires

B61L 1/14 ・Devices for indicating the passing of the end of the vehicle or vehicle train

B61L 1/16 ・Devices for counting axles; Devices for counting vehicles (counting moving objects in general G06M)

B61L 1/161 ・・{characterised by the counting methods}

B61L 1/162 ・・{characterised by the error correction}

B61L 1/163 ・・{Detection devices}

B61L 1/164 ・・・{Mechanical}

B61L 1/165 ・・・{Electrical}

B61L 1/166 ・・・{Optical}

B61L 1/167 ・・{Circuit details}

B61L 1/168 ・・{Specific transmission details}

B61L 1/169 ・・{Diagnosis}

B61L 1/18 ・Railway track circuits (automatically-operated track circuits specially adapted for section blocking for controlling traffic B61L 23/00; rail joints E01B 11/00)

B61L 1/181 ・・{Details}

B61L 1/182 ・・・{Use of current of indifferent sort or a combination of different current types}

B61L 1/183 ・・・・{Use of means on the vehicle for improving short circuit e.g. in vehicles with rubber bandages}

B61L 1/184 ・・・・{Use of additional conductors for examining leakages between rails}

B61L 1/185 ・・・{Use of direct current}

B61L 1/186 ・・・{Use of rectified alternating current}

B61L 1/187 ・・・{Use of alternating current}

B61L 1/188 ・・・{Use of coded current}

B61L 1/20 ・Safety arrangements for preventing or indicating malfunction of the device, e.g. by leakage current, by lightning {remote indicating means for abnormal operations conditions G08B 21/00, G08B 23/00; detectors for indicating the overheating of axle bearings B61K 9/00}

B61L 3/00 Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or vehicle train, e.g. to release brake, to operate a warning signal

B61L 3/002 ・{Recorders on the vehicle}

B61L 3/004 ・{Memory means reproducing during the running of the vehicle or vehicle train, e.g. smart cards}

B61L 3/006 ・{On-board optimisation of vehicle or vehicle train operation (track-side optimisation of operation B61L 27/0027)}

B61L 3/008 ・{On-board target speed calculation or supervision (track-side control of safe travel B61L 27/0038; speed control circuitry B60L 3/08; speed control of electric drives B60L 15/20)}

B61L 3/02 ・at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control {simultaneous mechanical and electrical control}

B61L 3/04 ・・controlling mechanically {arrangements of making elements acting directly on tread B60T 1/04}

B61L 3/06 ・・controlling by electromagnetic or particle radiation, e.g. by light beam (using radio waves B61L 3/12)

B61L 3/065 ・・・{controlling optically}

B61L 3/08 ・・controlling electrically

B61L 3/10 ・・・using current passing between devices along the route and devices on the vehicle train

B61L 3/103 ・・・・{Details of current transmitting conductors or contact brushes}

B61L 3/106 ・・・・{with mechanically controlled electrical switch on the vehicle}

B61L 3/12 ・・・using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves

B61L 3/121 ・・・・{using magnetic induction}

B61L 3/125 ・・・・{using short-range radio transmission (long-range radio transmission B61L 15/0027, B61L 27/0005)}

B61L 3/126 ・・・・{Constructional details}

B61L 3/127 ・・・・{for remote control of locomotives (remote control of locomotives within a train consist B61C 17/12)}

B61L 3/128 ・・・・{for control of tilting trains by external control devices, e.g. by Eurobalise (tilting details B61F 5/22)}

B61L 3/14 ・・to cut-off the power supply to traction motors of electrically-propelled vehicles

B61L 3/16 ・Continuous control along the route

B61L 3/18 ・・using electric current passing between devices along the route and devices on the vehicle or vehicle train

B61L 3/185 ・・・{using separate conductors}

B61L 3/20 ・・・employing different frequences or coded pulse groups {e.g. using currents carried by traction current (operating and signalling systems using network power supply H02J 13/00)}

B61L 3/22 ・・using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using electromagnetic radiation

B61L 3/221 ・・・{using track circuits}

B61L 3/222 ・・・・{Arrangements on the track only}

B61L 3/225 ・・・{using separate conductors along the route}

B61L 3/227 ・・・{using electromagnetic radiation}

B61L 3/24 ・・・employing different frequencies or coded pulse groups {e.g. in combination with track circuits}

B61L 3/243 ・・・・{using alternating current}

B61L 3/246 ・・・・{using coded current}

B61L 5/00 Local operating mechanisms for points or track-mounted scotch-blocks (track-mounted scotch-blocks per se B61K); Visible or audible signals; Local operating mechanisms for visible or audible signals (B61L 11/00 takes precedence)

B61L 5/02 ・Mechanical devices for operating points or scotch-blocks {e.g. local manual control}

B61L 5/023 ・・{using funicular driving means}

B61L 5/026 ・・{fixing switch-rails to the driving means}

B61L 5/04 ・Fluid-pressure devices for operating points or scotch-blocks

B61L 5/045 ・・{using electrically controlled fluid-pressure operated driving means}

B61L 5/06 ・Electric devices for operating points or scotch-blocks {e.g. using electromotive driving means}

B61L 5/062 ・・{Wiring diagrams}

B61L 5/065 ・・{Construction of driving mechanism}

B61L 5/067 ・・{using electromagnetic driving means}

B61L 5/08 ・Underground actuating arrangements, e.g. for tramways

B61L 5/10 ・Locking mechanisms for points; Means for indicating the setting of points

B61L 5/102 ・・{Controlling electrically}

B61L 5/105 ・・{Controlling funicularly}

B61L 5/107 ・・{electrical control of points position}

B61L 5/12 ・Visible signals {(signalling means on the vehicle B61L 15/00; signalling means for classification yards, or the like, with multiple indicating means B61L 17/023; signalling means for road crossings B61L 29/24; lighting in general F21; visible signalling arrangements in general G08B 5/00)}

B61L 5/125 ・・{Fixed signals, beacons, or the like}

B61L 5/14 ・・Form signals, e.g. semaphore arms {(illumination for points, form signals B61L 9/00)}

B61L 5/16 ・・・Local operating mechanisms for form signals

B61L 5/161 ・・・・{using electromotive driving means}

B61L 5/162 ・・・・・{Wiring diagrams}

B61L 5/163 ・・・・・{Driving mechanisms}

B61L 5/165 ・・・・{using electromagnetic driving means}

B61L 5/166 ・・・・{using electrically controlled gravity operated driving means}

B61L 5/167 ・・・・{using electrically controlled fluid-pressure operated driving means}

B61L 5/168 ・・・・{using funicular driving means}

B61L 5/18 ・・Light signals; Mechanisms associated therewith, e.g. blinders

B61L 5/1809 ・・・{Daylight signals}

B61L 5/1818 ・・・・{using mobile coloured screen}

B61L 5/1827 ・・・・{using light sources of different colours and a common optical system}

B61L 5/1836 ・・・・{using light sources of different colours and seperate optical systems}

B61L 5/1845 ・・・・{Optical systems, lenses}

B61L 5/1854 ・・・・{Mounting and focussing of the light source in a lamp, fixing means (focussing of the light source in reflecting mirrors F21M 3/02)}

B61L 5/1863 ・・・・{Lamp mountings on a mast}

B61L 5/1872 ・・・・{Mobile mounting arrangements on a mast; Arrangements for hoisting of the lamp along the mast}

B61L 5/1881 ・・・・{Wiring diagrams for power supply, control or testing}

B61L 5/189 ・・・{using flashing light sources (visible signalling in general using flashing light sources G08B 5/38; thermal switches operating intermittently H01H 61/06, H01H 61/08)}

B61L 5/20 ・Audible signals, e.g. detonator {audible signalling}

B61L 5/203 ・・{Detonators; Track mounting means; Composition of the detonative product}

B61L 5/206 ・・{Signalling means for special purposes}

B61L 5/22 ・・Devices for initiating the release of detonators in a certain position of a signal

B61L 5/24 ・・Replacement of detonators

B61L 7/00 Remote control of local operating means for points, signals, or trackmounted scotch-blocks (B61L 11/00 takes precedence; interlocking arrangements B61L 19/00; transmission per se, see the relevant classes)

B61L 7/02 ・using mechanical transmission; e.g. wire, lever

B61L 7/021 ・・{Driving wheels or supports for traction wires}

B61L 7/022 ・・{Guiding means or supporting foundations in beton}

B61L 7/024 ・・{Coupling for wires or traction bars}

B61L 7/025 ・・{Bracing or compensating arrangements}

B61L 7/027 ・・{Control levers}

B61L 7/028 ・・{Indicating or fixing arrangements in the event of breaking or tension difference of transmission wires for points, signals or similar}

B61L 7/04 ・using fluid-pressure transmissing

B61L 7/06 ・using electrical transmission

B61L 7/061 ・・{using electromotive driving means}

B61L 7/062 ・・・{Wiring diagrams}

B61L 7/063 ・・・{Construction of driving mechanism}

B61L 7/065 ・・{using electromagnetic driving means}

B61L 7/066 ・・{using electrically controlled fluid-pressure operated driving means}

B61L 7/067 ・・{Supply for electric safety arrangements}

B61L 7/068 ・・{Protection against eddy-currents, short-circuits, or the like, for electric safety arrangements}

B61L 7/08 ・・Circuitry

B61L 7/081 ・・・{Direct line wire control}

B61L 7/083 ・・・{Common line wire control using currents of different amplitudes, polarities, frequencies, or the like}

B61L 7/085 ・・・{Common line wire control using synchronous distributors}

B61L 7/086 ・・・{Common line wire control using relay distributors}

B61L 7/088 ・・・{Common line wire control using series of coded pulses}

B61L 7/10 ・・・for light signals, e.g. for supervision, back-signalling

B61L 7/103 ・・・・{Electric control of the setting of signals}

B61L 7/106 ・・・・・{for form signals}

B61L 9/00 Illumination specially adapted for points, form signals, or gates (lighting in general F21)

B61L 9/02 ・non-electric

B61L 9/04 ・electric

B61L 11/00 Operation of points from the vehicle or by the passage of the vehicle

B61L 11/02 ・Using mechanical interaction between vehicle and track

B61L 11/04 ・・Trailable point locks

B61L 11/06 ・・with fluid-pressure transmission

B61L 11/08 ・using electrical or magnetic interaction between vehicle and track

B61L 11/083 ・・{Magnetic control}

B61L 13/00 Operation of signals from the vehicle or by the passage of the vehicle

B61L 13/002 ・{actuated by the passage of the vehicle}

B61L 13/005 ・{optically actuated}

B61L 13/007 ・{acoustically actuated}

B61L 13/02 ・using mechanical interaction between vehicle and track {(pedals B61L 1/00)}

B61L 13/04 ・using electrical or magnetic interaction between vehicle and track {e.g. by conductor circuits using special means or special conductors}

B61L 13/042 ・・{using isolated rail sections}

B61L 13/045 ・・[N. using separated rail contacts, pedals or similar (B61L 1/02 takes precedence )]

B61L 13/047 ・・{controlling inductively or magnetically}

B61L 15/00 Indicators provided on the vehicle or vehicle train for signalling purposes; {On-board control or communication systems}

B61L 15/0009 ・{wiring diagrams for start- or stop-signals on vehicles having one or more carriages and having electrical communication lines between the carriages}

B61L 15/0018 ・{Communication with or on the vehicle or vehicle train (line transmission systems H04B 3/00)}

B61L 15/0027 ・・{Radio-based, e.g. using GSM-R}

B61L 15/0036 ・・{Conductor-based, e.g. using CAN-Bus, train-line or optical fibres}

B61L 15/0045 ・{Destination indicators, identification panels or distinguishing signs on the vehicles (displaying in general G09F)}

B61L 15/0054 ・{Train integrity supervision, e.g. end-of-train (EOT) devices}

B61L 15/0063 ・{Multiple on-board control systems, e.g. "2 out of 3"-systems (trackside multiple control systems B61L 27/0061)}

B61L 15/0072 ・{On-board train data handling (trackside train data handling B61L 27/0077)}

B61L 15/0081 ・{On-board diagnosis or maintenance (trackside diagnosis or maintenance B61L 27/0083)}

B61L 15/009 ・{On-board display devices}

B61L 15/02 ・Head or tail indicators, e.g. light

B61L 17/00 Switching systems for classification yards (rail brakes B61K)

B61L 17/02 ・Details, e.g. indicating degree of track filling

B61L 17/023 ・・{Signalling; Signals with multiple indicating means}

B61L 17/026 ・・{Brake devices}

B61L 19/00 Arrangements for interlocking between points and signals by means of a single interlocking device, {e.g. central control (remote control B61L 7/00; station block arrangements B61L 21/00)}

B61L 19/02 ・Interlocking devices having mechanical or fluid-pressure operation

B61L 19/023 ・・{purely mechanical (control levers B61L 7/027)}

B61L 19/026 ・・{using fluid-pressure operated points or signals}

B61L 19/04 ・・Detail- e.g. hand lever, back-signalling device

B61L 19/06 ・Interlocking devices having electrical operation

B61L 19/08 ・・Special arrangements for power supply for interlocking devices

B61L 19/10 ・・with mechanical locks

B61L 19/12 ・・・Details

B61L 19/14 ・・with electrical locks

B61L 19/16 ・・・Details

B61L 21/00 Station blocking between signal boxes in one yard (interlocking between points and signals by means of a single interlocking device B61L 19/00)

B61L 21/02 ・Mechanical locking and release of the route; Repeat locks; Coupling of semaphores

B61L 21/04 ・Electrical locking and release of the route; Electrical repeat locks {(central interlocking B61L 19/00)}

B61L 21/06 ・Vehicle-on-line indication; Monitoring locking and release of the route

B61L 21/065 ・・{for signals, including signals actuated by the vehicle}

B61L 21/08 ・Order transmission and reception arrangements for giving or withholding permission

B61L 21/10 ・Arrangements for trains which are closely following one another (automatic central traffic control systems B61L 27/04)

B61L 23/00 Control, warning, or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or vehicle trains

B61L 23/002 ・{Control or safety means for heart-points and crossings of aerial railways, funicular rack-railway (points or safety systems for model railways A63H; points, crossings or hearts for aerial railway, funicular rack railway E01B 25/12)}

B61L 23/005 ・・{Automatic control or safety means for points for operator-less railway, e.g. transportation systems}

B61L 23/007 ・{Safety arrangements on railway crossings}

B61L 23/02 ・for indicating along the route the failure of brakes

B61L 23/04 ・for monitoring the mechanical state of the route

B61L 23/041 ・・{Obstacle detection}

B61L 23/042 ・・{Track changes detection}

B61L 23/044 ・・・{Broken rails}

B61L 23/045 ・・・{Rail wear}

B61L 23/047 ・・・{Track or rail movements}

B61L 23/048 ・・・{Road bed changes, e.g. road bed erosion}

B61L 23/06 ・for warning men working on the route

B61L 23/08 ・for controlling traffic in one direction only (station blocking between signal boxes in one yard B61L 21/00)

B61L 23/10 ・・manually operated {e.g. block arrangements}

B61L 23/12 ・・partly operated by train

B61L 23/14 ・・automatically operated

B61L 23/16 ・・・Track circuits specially adapted for section blocking

B61L 23/161 ・・・・{using current of indifferent sorte or a combination of different current types}

B61L 23/163 ・・・・{using direct current}

B61L 23/165 ・・・・{using rectified alternating current}

B61L 23/166 ・・・・{using alternating current}

B61L 23/168 ・・・・{using coded current}

B61L 23/18 ・・・specially adapted for changing lengths of track sections in dependence upon speed and traffic density

B61L 23/20 ・・・with transmission of instructions to stations along the route

B61L 23/22 ・for controlling traffic in two directions over the same pair of rails (station blocking between signal boxes in one yard B61L 21/00)

B61L 23/24 ・・using token systems, e.g. train staffs, tablets

B61L 23/26 ・・with means for actuating signals from the vehicle or by passage of the vehicle

B61L 23/28 ・・using non-automatic blocking from a place along the route

B61L 23/30 ・・using automatic section blocking

B61L 23/32 ・・・with provision for the blocking or passing sidings

B61L 23/34 ・Control, warnings or like safety means indicating the distance between vehicles or vehicle trains by the transmission of signals therebetween

B61L 25/00 Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or vehicle trains or setting of track apparatus

B61L 25/02 ・Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or vehicle trains

B61L 25/021 ・・{Measuring and recording of train speed}

B61L 25/023 ・・{Determination of driving direction of vehicle or vehicle train}

B61L 25/025 ・・{Absolute localisation, e.g. providing geodetic coordinates}

B61L 25/026 ・・{Relative localisation, e.g. using odometer}

B61L 25/028 ・・{Determination of vehicle position and orientation within a train consist, e.g. serialisation}

B61L 25/04 ・・Indicating or recording train identities

B61L 25/041 ・・・{using reflecting tags}

B61L 25/043 ・・・{using inductive tags}

B61L 25/045 ・・・{using reradiating tags}

B61L 25/046 ・・・{using magnetic tags}

B61L 25/048 ・・・{using programmable tags}

B61L 25/06 ・Indicating or recording the setting of track apparatus, e.g. of points, of signals

B61L 25/065 ・・{for signalling systems on the vehicle using current conduction}

B61L 25/08 ・・Diagrammatic displays

B61L 27/00 Central traffic control systems; {Track-side control or specific communication systems}

B61L 27/0005 ・{Details of track-side communication}

B61L 27/0011 ・{Regulation, e.g. scheduling, time tables}

B61L 27/0016 ・・{Preparing schedules}

B61L 27/0022 ・・{Following schedules}

B61L 27/0027 ・・{Track-side optimisation of vehicle or vehicle train operation (on-board optimisation B61L 3/006)}

B61L 27/0033 ・・{Crew rosters and itineraries}

B61L 27/0038 ・{Track-side control of safe travel of vehicle or vehicle train, e.g. braking curve calculation (on-board target speed calculation and supervision B61L 3/008)}

B61L 27/0055 ・{Testing or simulation}

B61L 27/0061 ・{Track-side multiple control systems, e.g. switch-over between different systems, "2 out of 3"-systems (on-board multiple control systems B61L 15/0063)}

B61L 27/0066 ・・{Backup systems, e.g. switching when failures occur}

B61L 27/0072 ・・{Migration, e.g. parallel installations running simultaneously}

B61L 27/0077 ・{Track-side train data handling, e.g. vehicle or vehicle train data, position reports (on-board train data handling B61L 15/0072)}

B61L 27/0083 ・{Track-side diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades (on-board diagnosis or maintenance B61L 15/0081)}

B61L 27/0088 ・・{for track-side elements or systems, e.g. trackside supervision of trackside control system conditions}

B61L 27/0094 ・・{for vehicles or vehicle trains, e.g. trackside supervision of train conditions}

B61L 27/02 ・Manual systems

B61L 27/04 ・Automatic systems, e.g. controlled by train; Change-over to manual control

B61L 29/00 Safety means for rail/road crossing traffic

B61L 29/02 ・Guards or obstacles for preventing access to the route (cattle guards connected to the permanent way E01B 17/00)

B61L 29/023 ・・{Special gates}

B61L 29/026 ・・・{Preventing access by means of obstacles raising across the route}

B61L 29/04 ・Gates for level crossings

B61L 29/06 ・・yielding to vehicles in one direction but operated in a different direction

B61L 29/08 ・Operation of gates; Combined operation of gates and signals

B61L 29/10 ・・Means for securing gates in their desired position

B61L 29/12 ・・Manual operation

B61L 29/14 ・・・mechanically

B61L 29/16 ・・・electrically

B61L 29/18 ・・Operation by approaching rail vehicle or rail vehicle train

B61L 29/20 ・・・mechanically

B61L 29/22 ・・・electrically

B61L 29/222 ・・・・{using conductor circuits with separate contacts or conductors}

B61L 29/224 ・・・・・{using rail contacts}

B61L 29/226 ・・・・{using track-circuits, closed or short-circuited by train or using isolated rail-sections}

B61L 29/228 ・・・・{using optical means}

B61L 29/24 ・Means for warning road traffic that a gate is closed or closing, or that rail traffic is approaching, e.g. for visible or audible warning

B61L 29/243 ・・{Transmission mechanism or acoustical signals for gates}

B61L 29/246 ・・{Signals or brake- or lighting devices mounted on the road vehicle and controlled from the vehicle train}

B61L 29/26 ・・mechanically operated

B61L 29/28 ・・electrically operated

B61L 29/282 ・・・{magnetic or inductive control by the vehicle}

B61L 29/284 ・・・{using rail-contacts, rail microphones, or the like, controlled by the vehicle}

B61L 29/286 ・・・{using conductor circuits controlled by the vehicle}

B61L 29/288 ・・・{Wiring diagram of the signal control circuits}

B61L 29/30 ・・・Supervision, e.g. monitoring arrangements

B61L 29/32 ・・・Timing, e.g. advance warning of approaching train

B61L 99/00 Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

B61L 2003/00 Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or vehicle train, e.g. to release brake, to operate a warning signal

B61L 2003/02 ・at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control {simultaneous mechanical and electrical control}

B61L 2003/08 ・・controlling electrically

B61L 2003/12 ・・・using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves

B61L 2003/121 ・・・・{using magnetic induction}

B61L 2003/122 ・・・・・German standard for inductive train protection, called "Induktive Zugsicherung"[INDUSI]

B61L 2003/123 ・・・・・French standard for inductive train protection, called "Controle de vitesse par balises" [KVB]

B61L 2003/16 ・Continuous control along the route

B61L 2003/22 ・・using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using electromagnetic radiation

B61L 2003/221 ・・・{using track circuits}

B61L 2003/223 ・・・・French cab signaling system, called "Transmission Voie-Machine" [TVM]

B61L 2003/225 ・・・{using separate conductors along the route}

B61L 2003/226 ・・・・German inductive continuous train control, called 'Linienzugbeeinflussung' [LZB]

B61L 2003/228 ・・・Constructional details

B61L 2011/00 Operation of points from the vehicle or by the passage of the vehicle

B61L 2011/08 ・using electrical or magnetic interaction between vehicle and track

B61L 2011/086 ・・German radio based operations, called "Funkfahrbetrieb" [FFB]

B61L 2019/00 Arrangements for interlocking between points and signals by means of a single interlocking device, {e.g. central control (remote control B61L 7/00; station block arrangements B61L 21/00)}

B61L 2019/06 ・Interlocking devices having electrical operation

B61L 2019/065 ・・with electronic means

B61L 2027/00 Central traffic control systems; {Track-side control or specific communication systems}

B61L 2027/0038 ・{Track-side control of safe travel of vehicle or vehicle train, e.g. braking curve calculation (on-board target speed calculation and supervision B61L 3/008)}

B61L 2027/0044 ・・using European Train Control System (ETCS)

B61L 2027/005 ・・using Communication-based Train Control (CBTC)

B61L 2201/00 Control methods

B61L 2201/02 ・Fuzzy control

B61L 2205/00 Communication or navigation systems for railway traffic

B61L 2205/02 ・Global system for mobile communication - railways (GSM-R)

B61L 2205/04 ・Satellite based navigation systems, e.g. GPS

B61L 2207/00 Features of light signals

B61L 2207/02 ・using light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

B61L 2210/00 Vehicle systems

B61L 2210/02 ・Single autonomous vehicles

B61L 2210/04 ・Magnetic elevation vehicles (maglev)